大學(xué)路小編給大家?guī)砹?022雅思聽力連寫有什么規(guī)定相關(guān)文章,一起來看一下吧。
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2022雅思聽力連寫有什么規(guī)定
雅思聽力連寫有什么規(guī)定
雅思考試答案寫法之:連寫
連寫單詞
airplane 飛機(jī)
armchair 扶手椅
background 背景
baseball 壘球
bathroom 浴室
bedsit 臥室
booklet 小冊子
booklist 書單
bookshop 書店
bookstore 書店
breakdowns 故障
butterfly 蝴蝶
cameraman 攝影師
centimeter 厘米
checklist 清單
childcare 兒童 照管
clockwork 發(fā)條裝置
clubhouse 俱樂部
clubroom 俱樂部聚會室
coastline 海岸線
cocktail 雞尾酒
copyright 版權(quán)
craft*en 工匠
cupboard 碗柜
darkroom 暗房
database 數(shù)據(jù)庫
daylight 白天
deadline 最后期限
dishwasher 洗碗機(jī)
downhill 下坡
ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
eyesight 視力
feedback 反饋
fieldwork 野外工作
firewood 柴火
firework 煙火
flashlight 手電筒
floodwater 洪水
footbridge 行人天橋
footnote 腳注
footprint 腳印
freshwater 淡水
greenhouse 溫室
handbook 手冊
handout 文字材料;施舍物
hardware 計(jì)算機(jī)硬件
headphone 耳機(jī)
healthcare 醫(yī)療保健
highway 公路
homesick想家的
Homework家庭作業(yè)
keyboard鍵盤
landlady女房東
landmark地界標(biāo)
laptop 筆記本 電腦
layout布局;設(shè)計(jì)
leaflet傳單
Lifeguard 救生員
lifespan壽命
lifestyle生活方式
lighthouse 燈塔
livestock家畜
Loudspeaker擴(kuò)音器
microbiology微生物學(xué)
microchip微芯片
microfilm縮微膠卷
microscope顯微鏡
microwave微波
midday正午
midnight午夜
minibus小型公共汽車
motorcycle 摩托車
network網(wǎng)絡(luò)
newsletter時(shí)事通訊
newspaper報(bào)紙
northwest西北方向
notebook筆記本
online在線的
outdoor戶外的
outline大綱
overdue過期的
overfill滿溢
overhead在頭上的
painkillers止痛藥
password密碼
payphone付費(fèi)*
photocopy 復(fù)印件、影印本
placement布置
platform講臺
playground操場
postcard明信片
PowerPoint(專有名詞考點(diǎn))
railway鐵路
raincoat雨衣
rainfall降雨量
rainforest雨林
restroom休息室
riverside河邊
sale*an*員
sandglass沙漏
seafood海鮮
showroom 陳列室
software軟件
southeast東南方向
sportswear運(yùn)動(dòng)裝
spotlight聚光燈
stopwatch跑表
storehouse 倉庫
storeroom 庫房
sunlight日光
sunset日落
sunshade遮陽傘
supermarket超市
teamwork團(tuán)隊(duì)合作
textbook課本
thunderstorm風(fēng)暴
timetable時(shí)間表
toothpaste 牙膏
underestimate 低估
undergraduate大學(xué)生
underground 地下
undersea 水下的
upland高地
upstairs樓上
videotape錄像帶
warehouse 倉庫
waterfall 瀑布
waterproof防水材料
website 網(wǎng)站
wheelchair 輪椅
whiteboard白板
wildlife野生動(dòng)植物
woodland森林
workbook練習(xí)薄
workforce勞動(dòng)力
workload 工作量
workplace 工作場所;車間
worksheet 工作表
workshop 研討會
分開寫的單詞
air conditioner 空調(diào)
alarm clock 鬧鐘
mass media 大眾傳播媒介
case study 案例研究
central heating 中央暖氣系統(tǒng)
contact lens 隱形眼鏡
notice board 布告牌
remote control 遙控
safety check 安全檢查
student card 學(xué)生卡
加連字符的單詞
brother-in-law 內(nèi)兄/弟,姊妹的丈夫
cost-effective 劃算的
detail-oriented 注重細(xì)節(jié)的
door-to-doorservice 送貨上門服務(wù)
drop-offsite 下客區(qū)
drop-out 中途退學(xué)的人
fast-foodshop 快餐店
first-aidkit 急救箱
first-yearstudent 大學(xué)新生
four-coursedinner 4道菜的晚飯
full-time 專職的,全日制的
high-energysnack 高熱量食品
highly-trainedstaff 高度訓(xùn)練的員工
large-scale 大規(guī)模的,大范圍的
little-known 鮮為人知的
low-impact 低強(qiáng)度的
low-riskinvestment 低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資
middle-aged 中年的
mid-range 中點(diǎn)值
mid-term 期中的
non-active 不活躍的
non-fiction 紀(jì)實(shí)小說
note-taking 記筆記
part-timejob *
second-hand 二手的
self-access 可自行選用的
self-centered 自我中心的
self-defense 正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)
self-employed 個(gè)體經(jīng)營的
self-evaluation 自我評價(jià)
self-fundedstudent 自費(fèi)生
self-sufficient 自給自足的
*all-scale 小規(guī)模的
well-organized 有序的,有條理的
wheelchair-access toilet 殘疾人專用廁
雅思技巧:雅思聽力的經(jīng)典訓(xùn)練 方法
雅思聽力訓(xùn)練可以說是我們中國學(xué)生 英語學(xué)習(xí) 的最大障礙.我問過很多順利通過六級考試的本科生,聽力部分能真正聽懂的實(shí)在是寥寥無幾.很多人都是根據(jù)聽懂的只言片語,再利用推理,排除一些的考試策略選擇答案的.(國內(nèi)有些聽力教材還提出了只看答案就能選出正確答案的系統(tǒng) "理論".)這樣做考試是有可能通過的,但實(shí)際掌握,運(yùn)用英語的能力就只有自己知道了.
在很長一段時(shí)間內(nèi),我所選的雅思聽力練習(xí)資料將會是VOA的Special級別的慢速英語.這主要是出于兩個(gè)目的:一是打好基本功;二是從慢速英語入手是科學(xué)的方法,是實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 英語聽力 突破的有效途徑.
先說第一點(diǎn).
關(guān)于聽力基本功的認(rèn)識問題我建議大家去*一本鐘道隆編的《逆向法巧學(xué)英語》一書仔細(xì)看看,里面很多道理也說的很清楚了.我這里只想以我的親身體驗(yàn) "斬釘截鐵"的告訴大家:開始 "真正"練習(xí)聽力的時(shí)候(我這里所提到的 "真正" 不是指那些考試技巧,而是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的想要掌握,運(yùn)用,享受英語的源動(dòng)力),千萬不可操之過急,一開始就去聽那些原版的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)速度的聽力資料,一方面這樣的方法極不科學(xué);另一方面也會給自己剛剛培養(yǎng)起來的自信心帶來巨大的重創(chuàng).
十有八九(也可以說是所有的人)都會很快放棄的.我自己當(dāng)初也是這樣,感覺簡直是在聽天書,十幾分鐘的錄音下來能夠把Topic聽準(zhǔn)確已經(jīng)是很不錯(cuò)了,當(dāng)中的細(xì)節(jié)部分根本沒有時(shí)間反應(yīng)就一閃而過了.這種過程簡直就是一種 "煎熬". 當(dāng)然也有少數(shù)意志力驚人的朋友堅(jiān)持了下來,但是由于方法的失策,造成自己把大量的時(shí)間精力(有時(shí)可以說是青春)投入其中,可是回報(bào)卻難以和付出平衡,收效甚微.
說到這兒叫我想起以前我們有一位上外的聽力老師講的真人真事:一位研究生深知自己聽力不過關(guān),決心發(fā)奮苦讀.于是他每天早上都堅(jiān)持聽廣播電臺里的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語,這樣一聽就是五年的時(shí)間.這種苦行僧似的磨煉并沒有使他的聽力水平真正得以提高.
后來我們這位老師在了解了他的情況以后,告訴他之所以到現(xiàn)在他的聽力還未真正突破最主要的原因就是他的基礎(chǔ)沒有打好,總是泛泛而聽,而且總是聽些已經(jīng)有中文背景知識的廣播,就會造成一種錯(cuò)覺,好象什么都聽懂了,又好象什么也沒聽懂.大意能夠抓住(其實(shí)是有背景知識的原故),真正精確到每一句話,每一個(gè)單詞卻總是丟三落四的,不能準(zhǔn)確的傳情達(dá)意.這種沙上建塔的 "辛勞"永遠(yuǎn)也不會建成堅(jiān)固的大廈,而總是在進(jìn)行建了倒下,倒下了再建的重復(fù)勞動(dòng).
再說第二點(diǎn).
從慢速英語入手是真正科學(xué)的聽力突破方法.而且在我自己的實(shí)踐過程中摸索出一些聽力帶動(dòng)口語,鍛煉口譯的好方法.下面我想結(jié)合我給大家提供的聽力資料具體談一談練習(xí)的方法:
1.下載完相關(guān)的聽力資料后,用realplayer G2進(jìn)行播放,我這里暫時(shí)不想給大家提供原文,尤其對那些本來就很清晰的聽力資料.(不是很清楚的資料我回加入原文的),這主要是希望大家不要依賴原文, 自己一定要一個(gè)單詞一個(gè)單詞的完全聽懂.有的同學(xué)說我有那么幾個(gè)單詞實(shí)在聽不懂怎么辦?
大家想一想,慢速英語的單詞量是1500到2000,也就是說一個(gè)比較好的高中生的單詞量已經(jīng)超過了許多,更何況四六級都已通過的你.聽不懂的唯一原因絕對不是生詞的問題,(這種問題只有在聽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語的時(shí)候才會產(chǎn)生,以后我會和大家專門討論的)只能是你對這個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音極其陌生,大腦根本沒有反映.以上就是對雅思聽力訓(xùn)練方法的幾點(diǎn) 總結(jié) ,希望對大家有所幫助。
雅思技巧:詳解雅思聽力單選題的解題思路
劍橋雅思九全面分析,全面解析雅思真題
雅思聽力單選題特點(diǎn):
1. 題干、選項(xiàng)通常都較長,閱讀量大,需要考生較快的閱讀速度;
2. 選項(xiàng)中干擾信息多,正確答案通常以間接信息出現(xiàn)。
雅思聽力單選題解題思路:
1. 第一遍讀題快速瀏覽所有題干,劃出路標(biāo)詞;
2. 第二遍讀題仔細(xì)閱讀選項(xiàng),比較選項(xiàng)的異同,并劃出選項(xiàng)中的核心詞匯,即此選項(xiàng)的細(xì)節(jié)特點(diǎn),如否定、比較級或最高級、強(qiáng)調(diào)詞(如only, all, must, always, too等)、及修飾限定的形容詞或副詞;否定詞如don’t, didn’t, haven’t, have no, without, lack, there’s no等。如選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)這些詞,聽音時(shí)注意原文如有否定詞或否定形式出現(xiàn),此選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。
例題解析1: (Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 13)
The international students find the stress especially difficult to deal with because
A. they lack the support from family or friends.
B. they don’t have time to make friends.
C. they find it difficult to socialize.
解析:在閱讀選項(xiàng)時(shí),應(yīng)注意A選項(xiàng)的lack為否定詞匯,即“沒有朋友、家人的支持”;B選項(xiàng)也有否定,“沒有時(shí)間”。在聽音時(shí)就應(yīng)注意目標(biāo),原文是否有否定,是沒有“支持”,還是沒有“時(shí)間”。錄音材料在重讀without一詞時(shí),考生應(yīng)注意與本題有關(guān),之后說“social network”, “you know, social contact, family, friends...”。通過否定詞without及之后的詞確定A選項(xiàng)為答案。
(錄音:And of course you should cope with all this without your usual social network. You know, the social contact, family and friends that you can rely on for help. )
比較級或最高級在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn),如選項(xiàng)They have to study harder than they did at school, 在聽音時(shí)一定要注意原文是否有比較級出現(xiàn),如只聽到study very hard, 沒有比較,此選項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)。
修飾限定的形容詞或副詞也是讀選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵之一。
例題解析2: (Cambridge 4 Test 4 Section 2 Question 13)
The walks offered by Travellite
A. cater for a range of walking abilities.
B. are planned by guides from the local area.
C. are for people with good fitness levels.
解析:A選項(xiàng)有修飾詞a range of, C選項(xiàng)有修飾詞good, 在讀選項(xiàng)時(shí),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)將這些詞標(biāo)注,而不是其后的名詞。選項(xiàng)C的fitness levels是干擾的重點(diǎn),與錄音原文文字一致,但起限定作用的形容詞good與錄音原文中all含義不一致,所以C是錯(cuò)選。正確選項(xiàng)為A選項(xiàng),a range of指的就是錄音原文中的all。
(錄音:Each day we offer three separate walks catering for all skills and fitness levels.)
3. 聽到題干的路標(biāo)詞后,抓住 句子 的核心詞,快速與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對照。如果選項(xiàng)中的核心詞匯(即上一點(diǎn)提到的細(xì)節(jié)詞匯)在原文沒有對應(yīng),此選項(xiàng)往往為干擾項(xiàng);
4. 有些選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成明顯的對比,往往可以通過它們之間的差異,縮小聽音范圍。
例題解析3: (Cambridge 5Test 3 Section 2 Question 20)
With regard to their English, the speaker advises that students to
A. tell their lecturers if they have problems understanding.
B. have private English lessons when they arrive.
C. practice their spoken English before they arrive.
解析:B、C選項(xiàng)存在明顯對比,一個(gè)是到英國后加強(qiáng)英語,一個(gè)是來英國前加強(qiáng)英語;關(guān)鍵詞分別劃在when和before, 來進(jìn)行區(qū)分,同時(shí)可以先排除A。
(錄音:Having said that though, I’m afraid the lecturers will make little or no allowance for the presence of non-native speakers in the audience, so anything you can do to improve your spoken English, even beyond the pretty high level most of you have already reached will make your stay with us that bit more fun for you. Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards when you won’t really have time.)
雅思技巧:詳解雅思聽力多選題的解題思路
雅思聽力多選題特點(diǎn):
1. 選項(xiàng)通常較長,需要考生快速、準(zhǔn)確的閱讀能力;
2. 正確答案的數(shù)量在題目中有規(guī)定,考生要注意題干要求。
雅思聽力多選題解題思路:
1. 分析選項(xiàng)的方法與單選題相同;
2. 比較選項(xiàng),找出結(jié)構(gòu)相似細(xì)節(jié)不同的選項(xiàng),這樣的選項(xiàng)中往往會有一個(gè)是答案;
3. 選項(xiàng)較簡單的,錄音和選項(xiàng)會有同義替換,不能按照所聽即所得的原則選擇。
例題解析4: (Cambridge 6, Test 4, Section 3)
Questions 28-30
Which THREE topics do this term’s study skills workshops cover?
A. An introduction to the Internet
B. How to carry out research for a dissertation
C. Making good use of the whole range of library services
D. Planning a dissertation
E. Standard requirements when writing a dissertation
F. Using the Internet when doing research
G. What books and technical resources are available in the library
經(jīng)過分析我們發(fā)現(xiàn),選項(xiàng)A, F都提及Internet, 可以歸為一類;選項(xiàng)B, D, E都與Dissertation有關(guān),歸為第二類;選項(xiàng)C, G中都有Library, 歸為第三類。這樣我們就根據(jù)一定的特點(diǎn)把選項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了歸類,根據(jù)類似選項(xiàng)形成互相干擾并且容易得出正確答案的原則,我們可以大膽的預(yù)測三類中各出一個(gè)正確答案,正好組成此題的最終答案。如此這般的抽絲剝繭能使我們把零零散散的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)歸為有特點(diǎn)的三大類,從視覺上感覺已經(jīng)輕松多了,感覺并不是面對七個(gè)毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的選項(xiàng),而是在三類中選三個(gè)答案。接下來需要做的就是排除同類中的唯一或者最多不超過兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),寫下正確答案。
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2023年11月23日雅思聽力考試真題及答案
您好,我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢想的路上,選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè),準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試,都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問,我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問!
上周完成了最新的雅思考試,那么你知道考試的情況怎么樣嘛?來跟著小鐘老師一起看一看2023年11月23日雅思聽力考試真題及答案。
一、考題解析
場景話題:
S1 鳥類保護(hù)組織/ S2 煤炭礦場博物館/ S3 慢時(shí)尚/ S4 金屬回收
題型設(shè)置:
S1:填空 S2:地圖+填空+多選 S3:單選+配對 S4:填空
二、名師點(diǎn)評
本次考試答案如下:(僅供參考)
S1:birds,tent,mountains,swim,waterfall,cave,back,walking boots,discount,insurance
S2:1988,social,underground,reception,notice board,B ,E, B,A,C
S3:A, B, C, A, E, A, B, C, D, G
S4: statue,farm,economy,quality,electronics,plants,factories,pipes,magnet,bacteria
點(diǎn)評:
本場考試整體難度偏難,尤其是2、4兩個(gè)部分。地圖題又一次出現(xiàn),近兩年大部分時(shí)候保持1、4兩部分填空,2、3兩部分選擇題。在這里建議大家在平時(shí)要多關(guān)注每周的考情回顧,對自己報(bào)考的場次可能出現(xiàn)的題型有一個(gè)大致的了解,以防考到不熟悉的題型。對于不少同學(xué)反應(yīng)來不及讀題,在這里建議大家在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)要整套題訓(xùn)練,對選擇題部分的讀題速度進(jìn)行針對性練習(xí),給自己掐表進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí)訓(xùn)練,穩(wěn)步提升讀題速度。
參考劍橋練習(xí):劍13Test1S4,劍9Test2Section1,劍14Test3S2等
備注:
此次考試又出現(xiàn)了多選題,下半年多選題頻頻出現(xiàn),多為五選二的類型,平時(shí)考生可多加練習(xí)此種題型。 另外,地圖題重現(xiàn)考場,此題型大部分時(shí)候出現(xiàn)在S2,有時(shí)候2、3兩部分都會有地圖,所以在接下來的備考中,大家要針對不熟練的題型多進(jìn)行針對性練習(xí)。在練習(xí)聽力的過程中,由于s2/3的難度有所提升,考生們可以選取劍橋真題時(shí)也要記得多總結(jié)以及同義替換的積累,此場考試S4的單詞也有點(diǎn)難度,考生平時(shí)做題或者看閱讀時(shí)也要多做積累。
三、考試預(yù)測
1. 場景方面:場景方面依舊是主流場景(咨詢、求職、課程討論、講座),在接下來的考試中,考生還應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在S1求職租房等咨詢,S2旅游,活動(dòng)及公共場所設(shè)施介紹,S3課程討論及論文寫作,S4動(dòng)植物,環(huán)境,歷史,學(xué)術(shù)等各類學(xué)術(shù)講座。
2. 機(jī)經(jīng):如需參考機(jī)經(jīng),以2023-2023年機(jī)經(jīng)為主。
希望以上的答復(fù)能對您的留學(xué)申請有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細(xì)的問題或需要進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助,我強(qiáng)烈推薦您訪問我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站
,在那里您可以找到更多專業(yè)的留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)資料以及*的咨詢服務(wù)。祝您留學(xué)申請順利!
請問2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young
您好,我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一,而作為您的指導(dǎo),我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無論您的問題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專業(yè)選擇、申請流程還是學(xué)校信息,我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹,歡迎隨時(shí)訪問。
對于雅思考生來說,劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難?下面就和小鐘老師一起來看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young。
Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics," "Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything." Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.
B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three "principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital.
E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young's accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, "their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper?
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?
12 Where did Young get a teaching position?
13 What contribution did Young make to London?
文章題目:
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段:托馬斯·楊對百科全書的主要成就
B段:托馬斯年輕時(shí)的主要成就
C段:托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段:托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長經(jīng)歷
E段:托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段: 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段:托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型:True / false /not given
題號定位詞文中對應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競爭者,他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題,分別是Leonard Warren寫的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記,以及 Paula Findlen's寫的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此,本題答案為True
2all, articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書的詞條,因此并不是所有的都在百科全書。而在本段第二句中,作者指出,Young在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會,并在一年后成為該學(xué)會的會員: He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然,題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就,即Young長大后的成就。此外,在C段最后一句中,作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于,Young并沒有像其他那些年少成名而后來江郎才盡的孩子一樣,他后來同樣取得了非凡的成就: These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞,顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長背景和經(jīng)歷,同時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī),并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子: He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個(gè)方面的造詣更高,更有天賦。Surpassing這個(gè)概念并沒有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”,文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此,本題答案為True
6Interested in, social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出,通過Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁短語以及將一位年輕女性寫在涼亭上的詩歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然,Young對于這樣的社交娛樂是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此,本題答案為True
7disease, later yearsC段第一句,G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life,”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就;G段給出了Young的婚后生活,以及Robinson在書中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無論哪一個(gè)點(diǎn)都沒有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
題目類型:Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists)…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指傳記詞條,與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此,本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper, on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances, Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明,Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會學(xué)會。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出,在這篇論文中,Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此,本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出,Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語 Indo-European來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。
因此,本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire, medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時(shí)期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出:“Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然,正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo),Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹。
因此,本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”,題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”,該句明確指出,Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授,受聘于英國科學(xué)研究所。
因此,本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個(gè)成就,其對于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此,本題答案為gas lighting
A我們該怎樣理解托馬斯·楊(1773-1829)?他是《大不列顛百科全書》中63篇文章的作者,其中包括46篇傳記(大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者),和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個(gè)能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)博學(xué)者? 一個(gè)天才?還是一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢?在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中,Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競爭者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個(gè)知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對競爭:因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他,也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記:Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》(1823-1891)以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680)的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫了很多百科全書上的文章,他在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會,并在他的21歲生日后被評為一周科學(xué)人物,楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中,他更加全面地探討了這個(gè)問題,類似牛頓,他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù),他還得出這樣的理論:光是通過“以太”分子的振動(dòng),以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的,而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì),其存在還存在爭議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見顏色,必須要有3個(gè)感應(yīng)器對“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng),而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅,黃,藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時(shí)候,也就是40多歲的時(shí)候,楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼,這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并且從1802年起就在英國博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母:希臘語,不可辨識的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的,是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書》中編纂的詞條。在另一個(gè)條目中,他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語“Indo-European”來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國薩默塞特郡一個(gè)虔誠的教友會教徒家庭,從小和他的外公一起長大,最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時(shí)候就博覽群書,并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語,希臘語,數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué),在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵(lì),他的舅舅也是英國皇家學(xué)會的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下,楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹,他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué),多虧了Brocklesby的引薦,楊進(jìn)入了英國皇家學(xué)會,他最后也打破了從小在教友會的教育,他參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子,此外,他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后,楊在倫敦開了一家診所,很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會的一員,并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語言學(xué)家取得的成就,早在1801年,他已經(jīng)被任命為英國皇家學(xué)會的教授,他每年要在那里舉辦60場的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國朵家學(xué)會的秘書,而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù),比如說在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起,他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人,也是Board of Longitude的秘書。從1824年到1829年,他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間,他為《大不列顛百科全書》編纂了許多詞條,而且窮其一生著作,論文無數(shù)。
F我們通過楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁文短語以及他將一位年輕的女士寫在避暑山莊墻上的詩句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默,但是他的個(gè)人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩ぷ骱脱芯康娜橥度攵燥@蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚,據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的,因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭議的時(shí)候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他,并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開始慢慢起飛的時(shí)候,她開始有些擔(dān)心錢的問題。值得一提的是,楊沒有被保護(hù)的人,他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公,后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過失的一些偉人(其中很多是很著名的如牛頓,楊最早在17歲讀了他寫的書)。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知,Robinson在說到楊的非凡的頭腦時(shí)也并沒有將其歸功于他的父母,或許很難有這樣的巧合:過去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。
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