最近經(jīng)常有小伙伴私信詢(xún)問(wèn)請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young 呼倫貝爾雅思閱讀解題技巧解析 劍橋雅思4閱讀:Adults and children are frequently...這篇答案相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,今天,大學(xué)路小編整理了以下內(nèi)容,希望可以對(duì)大家有所幫助。
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請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young
您好,我是專(zhuān)注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢(xún)的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一,而作為您的指導(dǎo),我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無(wú)論您的問(wèn)題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專(zhuān)業(yè)選擇、申請(qǐng)流程還是學(xué)校信息,我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹,歡迎隨時(shí)訪問(wèn)。
對(duì)于雅思考生來(lái)說(shuō),劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難?下面就和小鐘老師一起來(lái)看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young。
Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics," "Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything." Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.
B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three "principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital.
E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young's accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, "their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper?
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?
12 Where did Young get a teaching position?
13 What contribution did Young make to London?
文章題目:
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段:托馬斯·楊對(duì)百科全書(shū)的主要成就
B段:托馬斯年輕時(shí)的主要成就
C段:托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段:托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷
E段:托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段: 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段:托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類(lèi)型:True / false /not given
題號(hào)定位詞文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題,分別是Leonard Warren寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記,以及 Paula Findlen's寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
2all, articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書(shū)的詞條,因此并不是所有的都在百科全書(shū)。而在本段第二句中,作者指出,Young在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì),并在一年后成為該學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員: He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然,題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就,即Young長(zhǎng)大后的成就。此外,在C段最后一句中,作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于,Young并沒(méi)有像其他那些年少成名而后來(lái)江郎才盡的孩子一樣,他后來(lái)同樣取得了非凡的成就: These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞,顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長(zhǎng)背景和經(jīng)歷,同時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī),并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子: He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個(gè)方面的造詣更高,更有天賦。Surpassing這個(gè)概念并沒(méi)有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”,文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
6Interested in, social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出,通過(guò)Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁短語(yǔ)以及將一位年輕女性寫(xiě)在涼亭上的詩(shī)歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然,Young對(duì)于這樣的社交娛樂(lè)是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
7disease, later yearsC段第一句,G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life,”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就;G段給出了Young的婚后生活,以及Robinson在書(shū)中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無(wú)論哪一個(gè)點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
題目類(lèi)型:Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists)…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指?jìng)饔浽~條,與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此,本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper, on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances, Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明,Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出,在這篇論文中,Young主要討論了人類(lèi)眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此,本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出,Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ) Indo-European來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。
因此,本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire, medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時(shí)期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出:“Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然,正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo),Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹(shù)。
因此,本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”,題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”,該句明確指出,Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授,受聘于英國(guó)科學(xué)研究所。
因此,本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個(gè)成就,其對(duì)于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此,本題答案為gas lighting
A我們?cè)撛鯓永斫馔旭R斯·楊(1773-1829)?他是《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中63篇文章的作者,其中包括46篇傳記(大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者),和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語(yǔ)吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個(gè)能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)博學(xué)者? 一個(gè)天才?還是一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢?在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中,Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個(gè)知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng):因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他,也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記:Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》(1823-1891)以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680)的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫(xiě)了很多百科全書(shū)上的文章,他在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì),并在他的21歲生日后被評(píng)為一周科學(xué)人物,楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類(lèi)眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過(guò)不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中,他更加全面地探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題,類(lèi)似牛頓,他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù),他還得出這樣的理論:光是通過(guò)“以太”分子的振動(dòng),以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的,而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì),其存在還存在爭(zhēng)議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見(jiàn)顏色,必須要有3個(gè)感應(yīng)器對(duì)“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng),而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅,黃,藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時(shí)候,也就是40多歲的時(shí)候,楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼,這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并且從1802年起就在英國(guó)博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母:希臘語(yǔ),不可辨識(shí)的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識(shí)的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的,是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中編纂的詞條。在另一個(gè)條目中,他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ)“Indo-European”來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來(lái)江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國(guó)薩默塞特郡一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的教友會(huì)教徒家庭,從小和他的外公一起長(zhǎng)大,最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時(shí)候就博覽群書(shū),并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語(yǔ),希臘語(yǔ),數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué),在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵(lì),他的舅舅也是英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下,楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹(shù),他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué),多虧了Brocklesby的引薦,楊進(jìn)入了英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì),他最后也打破了從小在教友會(huì)的教育,他參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子,此外,他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后,楊在倫敦開(kāi)了一家診所,很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會(huì)的一員,并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家取得的成就,早在1801年,他已經(jīng)被任命為英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的教授,他每年要在那里舉辦60場(chǎng)的講座。這些講座在1807年以?xún)杀緯?shū)的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)朵家學(xué)會(huì)的秘書(shū),而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù),比如說(shuō)在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起,他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人,也是Board of Longitude的秘書(shū)。從1824年到1829年,他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間,他為《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》編纂了許多詞條,而且窮其一生著作,論文無(wú)數(shù)。
F我們通過(guò)楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁文短語(yǔ)以及他將一位年輕的女士寫(xiě)在避暑山莊墻上的詩(shī)句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默,但是他的個(gè)人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩?duì)工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚,據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的,因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對(duì)于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他,并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開(kāi)始慢慢起飛的時(shí)候,她開(kāi)始有些擔(dān)心錢(qián)的問(wèn)題。值得一提的是,楊沒(méi)有被保護(hù)的人,他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公,后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過(guò)失的一些偉人(其中很多是很著名的如牛頓,楊最早在17歲讀了他寫(xiě)的書(shū))。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知,Robinson在說(shuō)到楊的非凡的頭腦時(shí)也并沒(méi)有將其歸功于他的父母,或許很難有這樣的巧合:過(guò)去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。
以上信息希望能幫助您在留學(xué)申請(qǐng)的道路上少走彎路。如果您還有更多問(wèn)題或需要深入探討,不要猶豫,您可以在我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站上找到更豐富的考試資訊、留學(xué)指導(dǎo)和*專(zhuān)家咨詢(xún)服務(wù)。我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)始終站在您的角度,為您的留學(xué)夢(mèng)想全力以赴。祝您申請(qǐng)順利!
呼倫貝爾雅思閱讀解題技巧解析
在雅思考試中,雅思閱讀題型也越來(lái)越多樣化,為了考生能夠高效的備考雅思閱讀考試,我給大家整理了呼倫貝爾雅思閱讀解題技巧解析,希望對(duì)于大家備考有一定的作用。
雅思閱讀各題型解題技巧
1、判斷題
在做題目之前注意要求,如:TRUR/FALSE/NOT GIVEN或YES/NO/NOT GIVEN,要按要求寫(xiě)到答題紙上。做題技巧:先在題目中的句子定位信號(hào)詞,名詞是關(guān)鍵的信號(hào)詞,但是一定要挑選出“長(zhǎng)相別致”的名詞,如果題目中的名詞在文章的“TITLE”中出現(xiàn),千萬(wàn)不要當(dāng)成信號(hào)詞,因?yàn)楹芏喽温渲卸紩?huì)出現(xiàn)該名詞,很難判斷出題目落在哪個(gè)段落。如果能找到特別的名詞很容易就可以準(zhǔn)確地定位段落了。若在題目中真的無(wú)法找到合適的名詞,可以換其他詞性(雅思閱讀主要考查六種詞性,包含名詞),下面按照其他詞性列舉出來(lái)考查重點(diǎn),主要考點(diǎn):形容詞和副詞是對(duì)它們的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)和反義詞進(jìn)行考查;動(dòng)詞主要對(duì)其同義詞、反義詞和該動(dòng)詞的范圍程度(如題目中用LESSEN,而原文中用ELIMINATE)設(shè)有考點(diǎn);數(shù)詞的考試重點(diǎn)在英語(yǔ)和*數(shù)字的互相轉(zhuǎn)換(50%--FIFTY PERCENT/HALF);連詞往往是在文章本身中隱含答案,最常暗示答案的幾個(gè)連詞是BUT,HOWEVER,WHILE,AND,ALSO,MOREOVER.雅思閱讀對(duì)冠詞、介詞、代詞、感嘆詞這四種詞性基本不進(jìn)行考查。通過(guò)詞性定位好段落后,把含定位詞的整個(gè)句子劃線,不要只看半句話,以免與題目理解有誤。然后,對(duì)題目本身做個(gè)心里翻譯,再把原文和題目進(jìn)行對(duì)照和比較,作出相應(yīng)的判斷。
2、歸納題
首先要用判斷題類(lèi)似的方法找相應(yīng)的定位詞,對(duì)所填空格采取“就近原則”,無(wú)需把給出的一段或幾段話的題目全部理解或全部翻譯出來(lái)。目前歸納題有兩種趨勢(shì),一種是題目貫穿在整篇文章,另一種是只隱藏在其中一二個(gè)段落。另外,要注意信號(hào)詞的同義詞代換(原文用DEVELOP,題目里卻變化為EVOLVE)。
3、段落配對(duì)題
“首尾句原則”比較適合快速而且準(zhǔn)確地做好這個(gè)題型。官方的出題思路通常是把答案落在段落的第一句或最后一句,如果在這兩句中找不到答案,最好往文章第二句或第三句找,依據(jù)上述四句話基本可以把答案找到。另外,注意選項(xiàng)LIST OF HEADINGS中所提供詞匯與原文的同義詞代換。
4、選擇題
先通過(guò)題干把定位詞劃出來(lái),然后對(duì)應(yīng)所在的段落。對(duì)選擇題必須對(duì)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)要有準(zhǔn)確的理解,最主要的方法是對(duì)答案“排除法”,有些答案通過(guò)對(duì)文章的大概理解就可以排除。倘若選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中含有ONLY,ALL, NOTHING,NEVER,EVERY等詞,通??梢允褂谩敖^對(duì)詞原則”。另外,若選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中有答案很相近的地方,可以通過(guò)“部分相同原則”(也稱(chēng)之為雙胞胎原則),但這兩個(gè)原則并不是100%適用,僅作為一個(gè)重要技巧的參考方法。對(duì)選擇“TITLE”題的做法,有時(shí)不用太看懂文章,直接看答案就可以做出來(lái),值得一提的是,一定要篩選最概括的答案,不能選擇很細(xì)節(jié)的答案。
II. 閱讀題干,劃出定位詞
上面這個(gè)例子涉及的是學(xué)術(shù)論文中實(shí)驗(yàn)類(lèi)文章結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題的輔助解題思路。下面我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)說(shuō)明文結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于解決其他題型作用的例子:劍橋雅思真題集4 Test 1 Passage 2 “What do whales Feel?”。
雅思考試聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四大板塊,每個(gè)板塊都有其難點(diǎn),但是對(duì)于大多數(shù)雅思烤鴨們來(lái)說(shuō),雅思閱讀更是一塊難啃的“硬骨頭”。思潤(rùn)雅思考試指導(dǎo)老師分析指出,雅思考試閱讀部分的考試對(duì)于烤鴨們來(lái)說(shuō),常常存在三大難題:一為閱讀量較大,短短一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間,需要考生完成三篇相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)度的文章閱讀和四十道題目的解答,往往會(huì)使得考生在考生上因?yàn)闀r(shí)間的分分流逝而焦躁不安;二為難度較大的文章內(nèi)容,對(duì)于單詞量相對(duì)較小且語(yǔ)言功底相對(duì)較為薄弱的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)往往無(wú)法正確把握文章的意思故而導(dǎo)致失分;三為題型的多樣和復(fù)雜性,雅思閱讀開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的設(shè)立了眾多的考核題型,不同題型有不同的解題和思維方法,這也在一定程度上給考生帶來(lái)了障礙。正因?yàn)檫@三大攔路虎,所以才造成了眾多考生在閱讀這一項(xiàng)上紛紛落馬,悻悻而歸。那么,對(duì)于這樣具有一定難度的閱讀考試,考生到底應(yīng)該怎么合理安排考試,特別是考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的合理時(shí)間和解題順序安排,才能最大程度的發(fā)揮考生的應(yīng)有水平呢?
C、worked together well as a group in solving problems。
合理安排雅思閱讀答題時(shí)間的技巧
雅思閱讀答題技巧有很多,但合理安排時(shí)間無(wú)疑是其中非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),為我特收集整理雅思閱讀答題技巧,分享給大家,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,文中觀點(diǎn)僅供參考。
做好閱讀的關(guān)鍵就是多練習(xí)??磮?bào)紙、雜志和原文小說(shuō),努力提高閱讀能力,加快閱讀速度.
最重要的是,閱讀考試并不考你對(duì)某一篇文章讀懂了多少,而是考查你的閱讀技巧,就是快速閱讀的能力--掃描與略讀。
所謂的掃描就好像看*號(hào)碼簿,你心里很清楚你要找什么,所以你快速掃描所看的那一頁(yè)來(lái)找到答案。這種技巧通常用來(lái)回答多項(xiàng)選擇題以及配對(duì)題??焖賿呙栉恼抡业絾?wèn)題所問(wèn)的信息。
略讀就是快速閱讀一個(gè)段落,了解中心意思,而忽略細(xì)節(jié)。這種技巧可以用來(lái)回答:“給出一個(gè)段落的小標(biāo)題 ”或是“在那個(gè)段落中提到這個(gè)信息?”或是“作者的觀點(diǎn)”這類(lèi)的題目。
雅思閱讀的難度是漸進(jìn)的,做題的時(shí)間安排應(yīng)該是:第一篇文章大約用15-17分鐘,第二篇20分鐘左右,23-25分鐘做第三篇。如果有多余的時(shí)間就檢查一下答案。
在讀文章以前先快速瀏覽一遍所有的問(wèn)題,有個(gè)大致的概念你需要去尋找什么樣的信息,需要用掃描閱讀還是略讀,還是兩種技巧都要使用。瀏覽問(wèn)題的時(shí)候,用鉛筆劃出重要的信息,例如:日期、地點(diǎn)和名字。
瀏覽完畢所有問(wèn)題之后,掃讀一次文章,標(biāo)出重要的部分。如果看見(jiàn)任何與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息,直接標(biāo)出來(lái),有些題目邊看就可以邊答了。
根據(jù)自己標(biāo)出的重要信息一次回答問(wèn)題,文章看過(guò)一遍以后,去找特定的信息就會(huì)變得更容易。
答案在文章里面出現(xiàn)的順序通常與問(wèn)題的順序是一致的,例如第4題的答案通常會(huì)比第5題的答案先出現(xiàn)。不過(guò)這主要看問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型,如果問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是 In which paragraph does this information appear?" 以及Yes / No / Not given類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題,那么答案就不一定是按順序了。
一找到問(wèn)題的答案就在答題紙上作答,不一定要按順序回答問(wèn)題。
注意看題目要求,如果題目要求用不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞來(lái)作答,記住不要超過(guò)3個(gè)。
最難的是 True / False / Not given 與Yes / No / Not given 類(lèi)型的題目。平時(shí)多練習(xí)做這種題型,考試的時(shí)候要記住看清楚要你回答True / False還是Yes / No,不要用True / False回答Yes/No,也不要用Yes/No回答True/False,這種回答會(huì)被視為錯(cuò)誤而沒(méi)有分?jǐn)?shù)。
不要在一個(gè)題目停留太久,找不到答案就接著做下一題,有時(shí)間再回頭做。
劍橋雅思4閱讀:Adults and children are frequently...這篇答案
洛陽(yáng)大華
雅思
提醒您,可以參考下這篇文章:
“精讀”的“精”字是最值得推敲的,“精”如果換句話說(shuō)就是理解,其包括了幾個(gè)方面,一個(gè)是文章單詞詞義的理解,一個(gè)是
句子分析
上的理解,最后一個(gè)是文章結(jié)構(gòu)上的理解。
首先來(lái)看一下文章單詞詞義上的理解。這個(gè)理解層面是最基礎(chǔ)的。因?yàn)橐x懂一篇文章在說(shuō)什么,自然要知道每句話的意思,但是每句話意思的理解又是建立在每個(gè)單詞的理解上。所以我們說(shuō)要做好閱讀,詞匯量一直都是強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。精讀雅思閱讀文章,第一步就是把文章中的生詞都解決掉。換句話說(shuō),就是利用字典把文章中不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞都查出來(lái)。我們以劍4上TEST1的PASSAGE1這篇文章為例。這篇文章是講一個(gè)
調(diào)查
研究關(guān)于孩子們對(duì)
熱帶雨林
的了解狀況。文章的第一句話Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. 這句話中常見(jiàn)的不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞可能有confronted, statements, alarming 和tropical rainforests. 所以要理解句子,我們就要把這幾個(gè)單詞的意思在字典中查找出來(lái)。Confront是指面臨、遭遇,statement是指聲明、陳述,alarming是指令人擔(dān)憂的,令人震驚的,tropical rainforest是指熱帶雨林。查找完這些詞的意思僅是第一步,因?yàn)楣馐前岩馑疾檎页鰜?lái)記憶并不深刻,所以建議大家可以準(zhǔn)備一本單詞本,專(zhuān)門(mén)記錄文章中不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞。但是記錄下來(lái)還沒(méi)有完成文章詞義的理解,我們還要去具體分析一下這些詞,尤其是動(dòng)詞,要注意查找其
同義詞
和反義詞。例如confront這個(gè)詞是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,它的同義詞有encounter, 意思都有遭遇,對(duì)抗的意思,但是區(qū)別有encounter常用于軍事方面。Statement是一個(gè)名詞,它是state加ment,由動(dòng)詞state變成名詞,其同義詞有announcement、declaration等。而動(dòng)詞state除了有聲明、陳述的意思以外,還有作為名詞州、國(guó)家以及形容詞國(guó)家的,國(guó)有的,正式的等含義。而alarming則是由動(dòng)詞alarm加上ing變成形容詞,alarm的意思是恐嚇、警告,同時(shí)也有名詞意義為警報(bào)、恐慌。最后tropical的意思是熱帶的,tropical rainforest為熱帶雨林,那么可以引申出其他的類(lèi)似詞匯,例如溫帶就是
temperate zone
, 寒帶就是frigid zone,極地就是polar region。從一個(gè)詞匯可以引申出一系列的詞匯,尤其是同義詞,這在以后的閱讀理解上也是非常有幫助的,因?yàn)檠潘奸喿x很多時(shí)候都是在考察學(xué)生的paraphrasing同義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。所以如果在精讀詞匯的時(shí)候有意識(shí)的去學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)識(shí)同義詞,對(duì)閱讀能力的提高大有裨益。當(dāng)然在精讀的單詞挑選上我們也有一定的原則,并不是所有的單詞都值得去精讀。主要挑選的單詞最好是具有普遍含義的動(dòng)詞、形容詞,其次是副詞和名詞。而那些比較難比較偏的名詞是不適合精讀的,基本上以認(rèn)知為主就可以。
第二個(gè)層次的精讀是句子的分析和理解。句子的分析和理解最好是結(jié)合題目來(lái)做。因?yàn)橹耙呀?jīng)做過(guò)題目也對(duì)過(guò)答案,因此對(duì)于答案與文章對(duì)應(yīng)的句子應(yīng)該有所了解,那么分析起來(lái)就更具有針對(duì)性。同樣以上文提到的文章為例。這篇文章的第四題是一道判斷題,題目為T(mén)he fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 題目的意思是孩子們關(guān)于科學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)是融合在一個(gè)比較大的想法框架中的,這個(gè)事實(shí)意味著如果要改變孩子們的觀點(diǎn)也還是相對(duì)容易的。這道題目在文章中對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)的相關(guān)句子是These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. 這句話是一句難句,中間有不少的插入成分來(lái)影響我們對(duì)句子的理解,但是如果我們從句子主干開(kāi)始分析,一步一步,就能把整個(gè)脈絡(luò)梳理清楚。這句話的主語(yǔ)是misconceptions, 這些錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)或想法,然后用了一個(gè)not….but…的結(jié)構(gòu),告示我們這種錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)不會(huì)是一直孤立的,而是會(huì)合并到一個(gè)框架體系中,framework之前的multifaceted, but organized, conceptual都是修飾這個(gè)framework的特征的,也就是這個(gè)框架體系是多方面的,有序的以及有概念系統(tǒng)的。接下來(lái)的句子則要理解2個(gè)代詞所指代的意義,一個(gè)是making it 中的it, 還有一個(gè)是some of which 中的which. It 指的是一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞概念,而它之前就一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞,就是framework, 而which 前離它最近的名詞是ideas, 所以它所指代的就是component ideas. 搞清楚了這2個(gè)代詞所指代的內(nèi)容,后面半句話也就容易理解了,意思是可以使這個(gè)概念體系及構(gòu)成這個(gè)體系的思想——其中一部分是錯(cuò)誤的——更加健全,同時(shí)也更加容易得到修正。從這個(gè)分析上來(lái)看,題目的意思和文章相關(guān)句子的意思一致,所以判斷題目是TRUE,正確的。因此要分析清楚雅思閱讀文章的句子結(jié)構(gòu),最有效的方法還是從句子的主干著手,然后再分析其修飾成分,然后再用中文的思路去組織句意。當(dāng)然重點(diǎn)分析的句子還是以與題目相關(guān)的句子為主,有些比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子就不需要花太多時(shí)間。
最后是一個(gè)更高程度的精讀要求,是對(duì)基礎(chǔ)比較好的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該去學(xué)會(huì)的一種精讀方法,也就是要從文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)上去分析。雅思閱讀文章大多是學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)氣息濃厚的文章,因此多以
說(shuō)明文
和議論文為主,而內(nèi)容上也多關(guān)于調(diào)查研究報(bào)告,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,課題研究以及其他自然原理現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容。所以文章結(jié)構(gòu)很多會(huì)有類(lèi)似。如果能分析出相似題材的文章結(jié)構(gòu),那么對(duì)做目前來(lái)說(shuō)大家都頭疼的段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題是有很大的幫助的。同樣以雨林那篇文章為例。這篇文章是比較典型的調(diào)查研究報(bào)告類(lèi)說(shuō)明文,文章的結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)比較清晰。在經(jīng)過(guò)上面兩步驟的精讀后,對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容理解應(yīng)該已經(jīng)不成問(wèn)題,現(xiàn)在要做的就是去掉外皮,將其骨骼提煉出來(lái)。文章分為11個(gè)小段落,前3段是調(diào)查研究的背景介紹,后面的4到9段介紹了調(diào)查的具體內(nèi)容,也就是5個(gè)開(kāi)放式問(wèn)題孩子們給出的答案及分析,最后2段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和對(duì)接下來(lái)調(diào)查的預(yù)期。所以文章的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和調(diào)查研究報(bào)告類(lèi)文章是類(lèi)似的,背景介紹——調(diào)查具體內(nèi)容結(jié)果——總結(jié)預(yù)測(cè),以后如果遇到類(lèi)似的調(diào)查研究報(bào)告類(lèi)文章最有可能的行文結(jié)構(gòu)也是這樣,那么如果出了相關(guān)的段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題就可以利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)快速定位相關(guān)的段落然后再進(jìn)行選擇,有了正確的范圍,那么正確率也就大大提高了。
以上三點(diǎn)就是“精讀”的核心,如果能堅(jiān)持從這3點(diǎn)去精讀一篇篇的雅思
劍橋
系列文章,相信詞匯量和閱讀能力會(huì)大有提高,整體的英文能力也會(huì)突飛猛進(jìn)。
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