雅思閱讀同義詞替換 雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則 備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧

今天大學(xué)路小編整理了雅思閱讀同義詞替換 雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則 備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能幫助到大家，一起來看下吧。

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、雅思閱讀同義詞替換
• 2、雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則
• 3、備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧

雅思閱讀同義詞替換

1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主動(dòng)的，自發(fā)的.adj. 主動(dòng)權(quán)n.

2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.

3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教學(xué)v.

4. more than one language=bilingual=sbs second language多種語言n.

5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 決定v.

6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年輕人n.

7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群體，團(tuán)體，社區(qū)n.

8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable傳統(tǒng)的adj.

9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失敗v.

10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危險(xiǎn)v.

11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各種各樣的adj.

12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.

13. differ from=unusual與不同v.

雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則

1詞性之間的替換

詞性的替換主要是指題目中的關(guān)鍵信息與原文中的內(nèi)容在詞性上做了變化而已。這樣的替換相對(duì)來說，難度系數(shù)偏低，只需要考生能夠辨認(rèn)出相同的詞根即可。

Example 1：

Cambridge8，Test3中Q35：Through mutations, organi*s can 35 better to the environment.首先通過mutation一詞將此填空題在原文定位到第C段”Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.”然后尋找空后關(guān)鍵詞better to，根據(jù)空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can推測空格處只能填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而且是原形，還要能和to搭配。這么一來，這句話里只有一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)詞比較合適：adaption，將其變形為動(dòng)詞adapt即可。

Example 2：

Cambridge6，Test2中Q17Q18：This is largely due to developments in 17 , but other factors such as improved 18 may also be playing a part.定位到原文第四段”Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century….”表明有些疾病是被medical advances打敗的。根據(jù)空格前的介詞可以判斷17題缺一個(gè)跟developments相關(guān)的名詞。正確選項(xiàng)是medical的同根詞M(medicine)。而18題是一個(gè)被improved修飾的名詞，原文中improvements是它的同根詞，所以答案是選項(xiàng)J (nutrition)。

這樣的替換，即使單詞是陌生的，卻可以通過相同的詞根或詞形來幫助考生去挑選答案。要想掌握好這樣的替換，也就要求考生盡可能地去多熟悉英語詞匯中各種詞根與詞綴的應(yīng)用。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的同根詞變身：

ability → able

diabetic → diabetes

secrete → secretions

fertilise → fertilisers

creativity → creative

investigative → investigate

prefer → preference

emit → emission

predictability → predicted

2同義詞/近義詞之間的替換

同義詞替換是指考題與原文中的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容用同義詞進(jìn)行一種互換。此類替換占據(jù)同義替換現(xiàn)象的大部分內(nèi)容，而且?guī)缀跛械念}型都會(huì)有這樣的替換現(xiàn)象。且大量常見的詞都會(huì)主要是以名詞與動(dòng)詞為主。

Example 3：

Cambridge6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to critici* on moral grounds.在原文第三段中定位到”Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment,”其中ethical即為原文中moral的同義詞。

考生只需要在平時(shí)增加詞匯量時(shí)有意識(shí)地去注意一些常見同義詞，雅思閱讀的解答也就變得簡單很多了。其實(shí)嚴(yán)格意義上來講，同義詞應(yīng)該還包括一些常用詞組或短語之間的一種互換。

Example 4：

Cambridge7，Test4的Q19：Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population.此題為是非判斷題。利用between 1940 and 1959定位到原文第4段Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon population so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area. 原文中的crashes與題干中的sharp decrease屬于近義詞(語義相同的詞)之間的替換。

Example 5：

Cambridge6，Test1的Q38Q39：In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38 lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39 for their food and clothes.定位到原文D段：Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.題干中提及被迫放棄什么生活方式，因此要求填一個(gè)形容詞來修飾lifestyle。而時(shí)間狀語in recent years是定位詞。按順序原則，原文的時(shí)間狀語over the past 40 years正好跟in recent years對(duì)應(yīng)，abandon與give up，ways和lifestyle對(duì)應(yīng)，答案便是abandon后面的賓語ways的修飾語nomadic。同時(shí)判斷depend on后面需要填一個(gè)名詞，即依靠什么東西。而后面的food and clothes是非常好的定位詞。很快可以在原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)depend on的rely on,而后面又有food and clothes。因此可以很清楚地判斷出rely on的賓語nature就是答案。

劍橋中出現(xiàn)的同義詞/近義詞

change → shift / revision

overstate → exaggerate

target → goal

comments → feedback

performance → achievement

metropolitan → city

world → global

perceive → sense / feel

calculate → measure

resemble → look like

link to → associated with

expert → scientist

hard to find → elusive

3.否定加反義之間的替換

Example 6：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q33：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.根據(jù)順序原則以及follow-up可以定位到原文第6段。Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.題干中similar to和原文的not unusual屬于否定加反義之間的替換。

Example 7：

Cambridge8，Test3的Q38：In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.可以定位到原文第三段Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organi* possesses many mechani* for repair.題干中possible是原文not inevitable的否定加反義替換。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的否定加反義替換

downward → not rising

not traditional → radical new approaches

with no rain at all →droughts

4.上下義詞之間的替換

所謂上下義，是指替換的詞語之間通常有一種從屬關(guān)系。在雅思的閱讀中這類替換往往出現(xiàn)在段落配對(duì)題之中，題目中給的是一個(gè)具有屬性或者是表示概念的詞語，而在原文中出現(xiàn)的替換詞卻是一個(gè)具體或者是細(xì)節(jié)的信息，考察考生對(duì)這兩者之間從屬關(guān)系的配對(duì)。

Example 8：

Cambridge6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此題為是非判斷題，定位詞為“drugs”，在原文中定位，我們能在文章第一段找到“As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。原文中treatment即為題干中drugs的上義詞。

Example 9：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q5：early military use of echolocation 。此段落信息配對(duì)題在原文定位的句子是“it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.之所以這樣定位，就是原文中weapon一詞作為題干中military的下義詞出現(xiàn)。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的上下義詞替換

chemical → fertilizer and pesticide

military → Second World War

body language → gesture

farming → grow plants and herd animals

environment → light, sound and warmth

四種難度依次遞增的同意替換，使雅思閱讀的考題顯得變換無窮，同時(shí)也將閱讀的難度提到了一個(gè)不同的高度。所以有很多考生抱怨，題目特點(diǎn)和解題技巧都很清楚，定位詞也能找準(zhǔn)，可就是定位不到題目在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容的位置。其實(shí)這源于考生沒有真正了解雅思閱讀考查詞匯的變形。所以考生只要掌握4、6級(jí)詞匯，熟悉以上四種替換原則，在原文中尋找這些替換表達(dá)，即可快速且準(zhǔn)確地完成定位和答題。

備考策略：詳解雅思閱讀中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換技巧

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雅思閱讀同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換一、詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
1. 相同詞性的同義替換：
相同詞性的同義替換一般指的是只涉及單個(gè)單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。單個(gè)單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換包括詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換。其中詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是相對(duì)簡單的一種，詞匯量可觀的考生自然可以游刃有余，輕松應(yīng)對(duì);即便不認(rèn)識(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換了的單詞的考生，也可以通過詞根詞綴以及上下文進(jìn)行猜測。
例如：
Example 1:
One of the brain’*ost difficult tasks is to
A. react to their ownthoughts
B. helped createlanguage in humans
C. respond instantlyto whatever is happening
題干中的核心信息most difficult應(yīng)該在讀題的過程中被考生捕捉到，在定位時(shí)應(yīng)充分考慮到被代換的可能性;另外備考時(shí)訓(xùn)練充分有素的考生還會(huì)考慮到句子結(jié)構(gòu)的整體順序的不同。這樣，當(dāng)定位到原文的對(duì)應(yīng)信息句：
Making a rapidemotional asses*ent of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding jobfor the brain, animal or human.
考生應(yīng)該能夠敏銳地發(fā)現(xiàn)extremelydemanding是most difficult的代換，由此確定該句所表達(dá)的意思是正確答案，在list中搜尋正確的選項(xiàng)時(shí)，句子中的內(nèi)容被再一次代換，其中原文中 rapidemotional asses*ent of the events被代換為respond instantly towhatever is happening, 至此，答案為C。
Example 2:
It has been suggestedthat children hold mistaken views about the 'pure' science that they study atschool. 根據(jù)'pure'定位到文中第二段第一行Manystudies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about 'pure' science,curriculum science. 短短一句話我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有三組四處同義替換，分別為suggested-shown;hold-harbour; mistaken views-misconceptions; science that they study atschool-curriculum science. 因此答案為TRUE。
Example 3:
Some people maybelieve that the teacher- subjects’ behavior could be explained as a positivesurvival mechani*.
可以看出句中positive和survival是關(guān)鍵詞，由句中出現(xiàn)的survivalmechani*可判斷為是從生物角度來談?wù)摰?，又因?yàn)樵牡腇段首句：One’sfirst inclination might be to argue that there are must be some sort of built inanimal aggression instinct that … 中提到了相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以定位到該段。迅速掃描，搜尋和兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)的信息，除了在該段第六行出現(xiàn)了原詞重現(xiàn)的survival, 還在上一行出現(xiàn)了advantageous, 顯然是positive的代換。由于原文跟題目中的信息吻合，所以答案是TRUE。
2. 不同詞性的同義替換：
不同詞性同義代換顧名思義，就是在代換時(shí)不受詞性的限制，比如：obvious換成clearly; similar換成resemble等。
Example 1:
Despite substantialfunding, results (of this program) have been disappointing.
代換為：This program failedalthough they received sufficient funding.
因?yàn)榘裠isappointing換成了failed, “although”代換了“inspite of”, 通過詞的代換就會(huì)很自然的實(shí)現(xiàn)英文中提倡的句式多樣性。
雅思閱讀同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換二、詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換
詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換一般情況下是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換的一個(gè)衍生。當(dāng)一個(gè)詞無法用另一個(gè)同義詞到位地解釋時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)用詞組解釋的情況。另外如果本身就是詞組的形式，那么通常來講還是會(huì)用詞組的形式進(jìn)行解釋。
例如：
Example 1:
原文：Computers are gainingin popularity, despite their cost.
題目：Computers are morepopular than they used to be.
原文當(dāng)中的gaining in popularity題目中用morepopular than they used to be作為替換。兩者在意思上屬于完全一致的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此答案為TRUE。
Example 2:
原文：Biologically, aspecies becomes extinct when its last individual dies.
題目：In biological terms,a species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
原文當(dāng)中的biologically用題目的inbiological terms作為替換。Become則由issaid to be作為替換。但是原文當(dāng)中的die在題目中變成了exist, 直接相反的意思。介于最后這一處的轉(zhuǎn)換與原文信息不符，可以判斷出此題答案是FALSE。
Example 3:
There were severalreasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, among themthe great advances that had been made in the field of _____and the search foralternatives to natural resources like ivory.
解析：根據(jù)nineteenth century定位到文中第二段......Theimpetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by anumber of factors- immense technological progress in the domain ofchemistry,.......其中，in the field of意思等同于inthe domain of“在....領(lǐng)域”，因此答案為chemistry。
In recent years, manyof them have been obliged to give up their _____ lifestyle, but they continueto depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.
解析：根據(jù)上下文定位到文中 Overthe past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in theterritory's 18 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature toprovide food and clothing. 因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)同學(xué)都認(rèn)識(shí)abandon, 更知道giveup是“放棄”的意思，屬于單詞與詞組的替換，因此第一個(gè)空填nomadic,lifestyle“生活方式”與ways替換，dependmainly on與rely heavily on屬于詞組與詞組的替換，意為“依賴......”，答案為nature。
綜上所述，同義詞替換在雅思閱讀中的重要作用顯而易見。提醒廣大考生在平時(shí)一定要注意多積累，比如在背單詞的時(shí)候，就不能只滿足于記住單詞本身，還應(yīng)該多想想這個(gè)單詞有什么同義、近義詞，以及詞組的代換，這樣在雅思閱讀中就能取得好的成績。
以上就是小編整理的雅思閱讀考試同義詞替換實(shí)例總結(jié)，希望同學(xué)們?cè)谘潘伎荚囍幸⒁馔x詞替換的問題，這個(gè)也是每次雅思考試中都會(huì)考到的一個(gè)點(diǎn)，雅思同義詞更多的是在于平時(shí)的積累和記憶，臨時(shí)抱佛腳只會(huì)把自己的詞匯記憶搞得更混亂。
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