2023年8月21日雅思考試真題解析匯總（2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young）

今天大學(xué)路小編為大家?guī)?lái)了2023年8月21日雅思考試真題解析匯總（2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young），希望能幫助到大家，一起來(lái)看看吧！

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、2023年8月21日雅思考試真題解析匯總
• 2、2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young
• 3、劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

2023年8月21日雅思考試真題解析匯總

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上，選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn)，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)！
對(duì)于剛剛完成的8月21日的雅思考試，很多學(xué)生對(duì)于它的真題回顧比較感興趣。那么這次的雅思考試都考了哪些方向的題目？隨小鐘老師來(lái)看看2023年8月21日雅思考試各個(gè)部分的真題回憶總匯吧。
一、2023年8月21日雅思考試真題解析

2023年8月21日雅思考試真題解析 12023年8月21日雅思寫(xiě)作考試真題回憶22023年8月21日雅思閱讀考試真題回憶32023年8月21日雅思聽(tīng)力考試真題回憶 小鐘老師整理

二、雅思寫(xiě)作高分技巧
1、長(zhǎng)短句原則
在雅思寫(xiě)作考試匯總，如果能寫(xiě)一個(gè)短小精辟的句子，那么是可以很好的起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
As a creature， I eat; as a man， I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind， they are in a way quite similar.
2、主題句原則
文章一定要有主題句，不能把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂不知所云!所以一定要寫(xiě)一個(gè)主題句，放在文章的開(kāi)頭或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然!
3、一二三原則
寫(xiě)作要注意有第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn)…，雖然啰嗦但還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過(guò)這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來(lái)判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。
4、一二三短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則
寫(xiě)作時(shí)，尤其是在考試時(shí)，如果使用短語(yǔ)，有兩個(gè)好處：其一、用短語(yǔ)會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單，看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語(yǔ)，必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)—精彩的短語(yǔ)，那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。
5、多實(shí)少虛原則
寫(xiě)雅思作文還是應(yīng)該寫(xiě)一些實(shí)際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說(shuō)的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說(shuō)一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)該說(shuō)nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous， humorous， interesting， *art， gentle， warm-hearted， hospital 之類的形象詞。
三、雅思聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)技巧
1、學(xué)會(huì)邊聽(tīng)邊記筆記，不是聽(tīng)寫(xiě)，而是寫(xiě)下關(guān)鍵信息，如關(guān)鍵詞、時(shí)間等，便于作參考。(這是雅思聽(tīng)力考試中最重要的小技巧之一)
2、在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)力時(shí)，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物(who)、事件(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(why)、方式 (how)、程度(how long，how soon，how much)、數(shù)字(how many，how much)、選擇(which…)(這是大家能夠突破雅思聽(tīng)力的最重要的方法)
3、語(yǔ)言的另一重要作用是其交際功能，能夠理解中心思想，演講者的意圖，或細(xì)節(jié)，能體會(huì)語(yǔ)言的交際功能意義，善于把語(yǔ)言與語(yǔ)境聯(lián)系起來(lái)進(jìn)行體會(huì) 字面表層所傳遞的深層意義，如請(qǐng)求、命令、建議等，而熟悉句子的句型，有助于提高對(duì)講演者意圖的判別能力，理解句子的語(yǔ)言外涵義。Let’s …
4、不管聽(tīng)什么材料，注意力一定要集中在整體內(nèi)容的理解上，千萬(wàn)不能只停留在個(gè)別單詞或單句上，聽(tīng)不清時(shí)馬上放棄，不要強(qiáng)迫自己聽(tīng)清每一個(gè)詞，要把重點(diǎn)放在聽(tīng)關(guān)鍵詞即實(shí)詞上。(雅思聽(tīng)力的目的是答題，所以不要把多余的精力放在材料上面)
5、語(yǔ)言的聽(tīng)是主動(dòng)的解碼而不是被動(dòng)的感知，是積極地認(rèn)知構(gòu)建而不是單純的聲學(xué)事實(shí)。練習(xí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)，平時(shí)聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)就要有意識(shí)地將關(guān)鍵信息寫(xiě)下來(lái)，一方面訓(xùn)練信息接 受的準(zhǔn)確性;另一方面培養(yǎng)短期記憶、正確拼寫(xiě)單詞的能力。練習(xí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)還能強(qiáng)制性地迫使自己全神貫注、積極思考。(這個(gè)雅思聽(tīng)力技巧是最需要功底的了)
6、努力挖掘語(yǔ)言背后的英語(yǔ)思維模式和外國(guó)文化背景，畢竟語(yǔ)言是文化和思維的載體，掌握英語(yǔ)的邏輯思維順序(eg. Self assurance)(這是大家突破雅思聽(tīng)力考試最重要的一種準(zhǔn)備了)

希望以上的答復(fù)能對(duì)您的留學(xué)申請(qǐng)有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細(xì)的問(wèn)題或需要進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助，我強(qiáng)烈推薦您訪問(wèn)我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站 ，在那里您可以找到更多專業(yè)的留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)資料以及*的咨詢服務(wù)。祝您留學(xué)申請(qǐng)順利！

2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上，選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn)，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)！
對(duì)于雅思考生來(lái)說(shuō)，劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難？下面就和小鐘老師一起來(lái)看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists） and substantial essays on ＂Bridge，” ＂Chromatics，＂ ＂Egypt，＂ ＂Languages＂ and ＂Tides＂. Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath， a genius or a dilettante？ In an ambitious new biography， Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph ＂the last man who knew everything.＂ Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.
B Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper， Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that， to account for the ability to see in color， there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three ＂principal colors＂ to which the retina could respond： red， green， violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life， when he was in his forties， Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone， a tablet that was ＂found＂ in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets： Greek， something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and， as Young deduced， is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England， Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather， eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two， and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin， Greek， mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school， he was greatly encouraged by his mother＇s uncle， Richard Brocklesby， a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London， following the medical circuit， and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh， Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808， Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George＇s Hospital.
E Young＇s skill as a physician， however， did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution， where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society， a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica， and throughout his career he authored numerous books， essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect， but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson＇s aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young＇s work and life. He succeeds， providing clear expositions of the technical material （especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs）. Some readers of this book will， like Robinson， find Young＇s accomplishments impressive； others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book， readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society， attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman. However， his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804， and according to Robinson， ＂their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.＂ Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young＇s relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them， or anyone else， with shaping Young＇s extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young＇s relationships， however， anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet， write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others， Young wasn＇t so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young＇s talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young＇s advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica？
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper？
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages？
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies？
12 Where did Young get a teaching position？
13 What contribution did Young make to London？
文章題目：
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段：托馬斯·楊對(duì)百科全書(shū)的主要成就
B段：托馬斯年輕時(shí)的主要成就
C段：托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段：托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷
E段：托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段： 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段：托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型：True / false /not given
題號(hào)定位詞文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題，分別是Leonard Warren寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記，以及 Paula Findlen＇s寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此，本題答案為T(mén)rue
2all， articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書(shū)的詞條，因此并不是所有的都在百科全書(shū)。而在本段第二句中，作者指出，Young在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，并在一年后成為該學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員： He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然，題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就，即Young長(zhǎng)大后的成就。此外，在C段最后一句中，作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于，Young并沒(méi)有像其他那些年少成名而后來(lái)江郎才盡的孩子一樣，他后來(lái)同樣取得了非凡的成就： These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞，顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長(zhǎng)背景和經(jīng)歷，同時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī)，并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子： He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個(gè)方面的造詣更高，更有天賦。Surpassing這個(gè)概念并沒(méi)有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”，文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此，本題答案為T(mén)rue
6Interested in， social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出，通過(guò)Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁短語(yǔ)以及將一位年輕女性寫(xiě)在涼亭上的詩(shī)歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然，Young對(duì)于這樣的社交娛樂(lè)是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此，本題答案為T(mén)rue
7disease， later yearsC段第一句，G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life，”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就；G段給出了Young的婚后生活，以及Robinson在書(shū)中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無(wú)論哪一個(gè)點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
題目類型：Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists）…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指?jìng)饔浽~條，與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此，本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper， on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances， Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明，Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出，在這篇論文中，Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此，本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出，Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ) Indo-European來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。
因此，本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire， medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時(shí)期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出：“Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然，正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)，Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹(shù)。
因此，本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”，題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”，該句明確指出，Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授，受聘于英國(guó)科學(xué)研究所。
因此，本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個(gè)成就，其對(duì)于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此，本題答案為gas lighting
A我們?cè)撛鯓永斫馔旭R斯·楊（1773-1829）？他是《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇傳記（大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者），和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語(yǔ)吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個(gè)能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)博學(xué)者？ 一個(gè)天才？還是一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢？在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中，Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個(gè)知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他，也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher（1602-1680）的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫(xiě)了很多百科全書(shū)上的文章，他在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，并在他的21歲生日后被評(píng)為一周科學(xué)人物，楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過(guò)不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，類似牛頓，他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù)，他還得出這樣的理論：光是通過(guò)“以太”分子的振動(dòng)，以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的，而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì)，其存在還存在爭(zhēng)議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見(jiàn)顏色，必須要有3個(gè)感應(yīng)器對(duì)“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng)，而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅，黃，藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時(shí)候，也就是40多歲的時(shí)候，楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼，這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并且從1802年起就在英國(guó)博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母：希臘語(yǔ)，不可辨識(shí)的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識(shí)的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中編纂的詞條。在另一個(gè)條目中，他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ)“Indo-European”來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來(lái)江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國(guó)薩默塞特郡一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的教友會(huì)教徒家庭，從小和他的外公一起長(zhǎng)大，最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時(shí)候就博覽群書(shū)，并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語(yǔ)，希臘語(yǔ)，數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué)，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵(lì)，他的舅舅也是英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下，楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹(shù)，他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，多虧了Brocklesby的引薦，楊進(jìn)入了英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)，他最后也打破了從小在教友會(huì)的教育，他參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后，楊在倫敦開(kāi)了一家診所，很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會(huì)的一員，并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已經(jīng)被任命為英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的教授，他每年要在那里舉辦60場(chǎng)的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書(shū)的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)朵家學(xué)會(huì)的秘書(shū)，而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)，比如說(shuō)在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起，他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人，也是Board of Longitude的秘書(shū)。從1824年到1829年，他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間，他為《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》編纂了許多詞條，而且窮其一生著作，論文無(wú)數(shù)。
F我們通過(guò)楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁文短語(yǔ)以及他將一位年輕的女士寫(xiě)在避暑山莊墻上的詩(shī)句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的個(gè)人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩?duì)工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚，據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的，因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對(duì)于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他，并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開(kāi)始慢慢起飛的時(shí)候，她開(kāi)始有些擔(dān)心錢(qián)的問(wèn)題。值得一提的是，楊沒(méi)有被保護(hù)的人，他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過(guò)失的一些偉人（其中很多是很著名的如牛頓，楊最早在17歲讀了他寫(xiě)的書(shū)）。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知，Robinson在說(shuō)到楊的非凡的頭腦時(shí)也并沒(méi)有將其歸功于他的父母，或許很難有這樣的巧合：過(guò)去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

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劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

做好雅思的閱讀題除了掌握對(duì)的 方法 ，也離不開(kāi)我們?nèi)粘５男燎诰毩?xí)，下面我給大家?guī)?lái)劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析，一起加油吧！

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sport*en and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.

C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he *yses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be *ysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.

D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.

F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS題目

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

6 an overview of the funded support of athletes

7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event

Questions 8-11

Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they

A are currently exclusively used by Australians

B will be used in the future by Australians

C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.

8 cameras

9 sensors

10 protein tests

11 altitude tents

Questions 12 and 13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.

12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?

13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案

Question 1

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports

定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”

解題思路: 題干中講到不同體育領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識(shí)交流正好跟原文中跨不同體育專家之間的合作相對(duì)應(yīng)，理解意思即可容易找到正確答案。

Question 2

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: visual imaging/3D, image

定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis …”

解題思路: 通過(guò)題干中的視頻成像可以很容易找到原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的3D和成像。

Question 3

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time

定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”

解題思路: 題目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 屬于同義表達(dá)，定位答題區(qū)域，發(fā)現(xiàn)此句話所要表達(dá)的意思是不在一些飄渺的、不切實(shí)際的科學(xué)問(wèn)題上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，也就是說(shuō)要縮小研究的范圍。

Question 4

答案：F

關(guān)鍵詞：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying

定位原文: F段第1句話 “Of course, there’s nothing…”

解題思路: 題干中的reproduce是復(fù)制的意思，之后從 文章 中發(fā)現(xiàn) 句子 有復(fù)制copying，即可以直接定位。

Question 5

答案：D

關(guān)鍵詞：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor

定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”

解題思路: 題干提到理想成績(jī)的障礙是如何被調(diào)查研究的，而讀到對(duì)應(yīng)句子之后看到正好是sensors(傳感器)對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員跑步的impact(影響)進(jìn)行研究的儀器，而且obstacles和impact對(duì)應(yīng)。

Question 6

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞：Overview, funded support finance

定位原文: A段倒數(shù)第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”

解題思路: finances是解題關(guān)鍵，意思為資助，正好跟題干中funded support表達(dá)了相同的義項(xiàng)，直接對(duì)應(yīng)。而且之后一句話提及以上項(xiàng)目所提供的服務(wù)和建議，可以確信答案。

Question 7

答案：E

關(guān)鍵詞：Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship

定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”

解題思路: 首先通過(guò)well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段， 之后發(fā)現(xiàn)后面提及的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模型”作用就是計(jì)算時(shí)間和速率，因此內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)上calculate，此時(shí)可斷定答案的位置。

Question 8

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞: digital cameras

定位原文: C段倒數(shù)第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”

解題思路: 前一句已經(jīng)提到該系統(tǒng)已廣泛應(yīng)用于澳大利亞各項(xiàng)全國(guó)賽事之中，而沒(méi)有提到其他國(guó)家，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該只有澳大利亞人在使用。

Question 9

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：sensor

定位原文: D段第7句：“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”

解題思路: 找到相同對(duì)應(yīng)詞sensor，讀其前后的句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)有 Melbourne，斷定是澳大利亞人的發(fā)明。之后要特別留心動(dòng)詞develop運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在開(kāi)發(fā);而且注意之后的定語(yǔ)從句采用了將來(lái)時(shí)，所以可以斷定此發(fā)明還沒(méi)有完成，應(yīng)該屬于將來(lái)的成果。因此選擇B。

Question 10

答案: A

關(guān)鍵詞：protein

定位原文: D段倒數(shù)第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”

解題思路: 非常容易在前面第一句話中找到跟題目protein tests所對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)a test ...protein。之后細(xì)讀前后句，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面一句話對(duì)于此項(xiàng)科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS運(yùn)動(dòng)員，即澳大利亞體育學(xué)院的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，隸屬于澳大利亞，所以應(yīng)該選擇A。

Question 11

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: altitude tent

定位原文: F段倒數(shù)第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent ’…”

解題思路: 文章中很容易找到用引號(hào)括起來(lái)的題目中的名詞 短語(yǔ) ，因此只要細(xì)心讀原句，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)開(kāi)頭的‘The same has happened...’同樣的事情也發(fā)生在……根據(jù) 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 應(yīng)該順著文章向上追溯，發(fā)現(xiàn)跟‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’相同情況的是1996年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上澳大利亞人受益的流線型散熱運(yùn)動(dòng)服現(xiàn)在全世界都在用。因此 ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’也被世界各國(guó)應(yīng)用。所以答案應(yīng)該選擇C。且根據(jù)此段話大意可以了解文章只提到兩種研究成果被別國(guó)運(yùn)用，即髙原帳蓬和流線型散熱服。所以可以間接判斷前三項(xiàng)成果是由澳大利人獨(dú)享的。

Question 12

答案： (a)competition model

關(guān)鍵詞： help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing

定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”

解題思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 對(duì)應(yīng)上prepare the athlete by之后，要認(rèn)真研究題目所問(wèn)的是what is produced,斷定所作答案必定要填一個(gè)名詞。因此要細(xì)讀原文發(fā)現(xiàn)有單詞developing恰與produced相對(duì)應(yīng)，中文意思是“開(kāi)發(fā)”，則答案必定是開(kāi)發(fā)之后的名詞。

Question 13

答案： (by)2 percent/%

關(guān)鍵詞： 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve

定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”

解題思路: 分析問(wèn)句是 ‘By how much... improve’，意思為“提高了多少”，可以判斷出答案需要寫(xiě)一個(gè)數(shù)字。因此仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)語(yǔ)句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘a(chǎn)nd rowers’ time。很快就可以找到數(shù)字百分之二

。

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