請問2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

大學(xué)路小編給大家?guī)砹苏垎?023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young相關(guān)文章，一起來看一下吧。

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、請問2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案
• 2、2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young
• 3、請問2023年8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案

請問2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一，而作為您的指導(dǎo)，我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無論您的問題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專業(yè)選擇、申請流程還是學(xué)校信息，我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹，歡迎隨時訪問。
在雅思考試中，閱讀考試是很容易拿到高分的， 在訓(xùn)練雅思閱讀的時候可以拿出雅思近期的真題來訓(xùn)練，小鐘老師分享了2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案。
一、2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案
Passage 1
主題：訓(xùn)練動物的語言
參考答案：
Passage 2
主題：錢幣歷史
參考答案：
15-18 選擇
15. 選silver ingots
16. 選it is difficult to obtain
17. 選it was evaluated higher price
18. 選the chief of a tribe
19. 選pour molten iron into sand mould
20-27 匹配
20. 配Tantrum
21. 配Oban＇s
22. 配Penny
23. 配Cross
24. 配Babylon
25. 配Japanese money tree
26. 配dog teeth
27. 配whale tooth
Passage 3
主題：Elephant communication
參考答案：
28-38 填空
28. hammer
29. body
30. pad
31. cavities
32. trunks and feet
33. infrasonic
34. ecology
35. sei*ic messages
36. acoustic communication
37. mate
38. ground
39-40 單選
39. A
40. C
二、雅思閱讀考試形式
雅思閱讀考試分學(xué)術(shù)類和培訓(xùn)類兩種，分別針對申請留學(xué)的學(xué)生和計(jì)劃在英語語言國家參加工作或移民的人士。三篇文章40道題目總共用時60分鐘，包括將答案謄寫到答題卡上的時間。
學(xué)術(shù)類閱讀考試形式：IELTS考試閱讀（學(xué)術(shù)類）部分共有三篇文章，考生需要回答40道題目。每一篇文章所需要回答的問題數(shù)量并不相同。每一道問題相對應(yīng)一個分?jǐn)?shù)。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問卷中。
培訓(xùn)類閱讀考試形式：IELTS 考試閱讀（培訓(xùn)類）部分共有三部分，文章難度由淺至深，考生需要回答40道題目。第一部分有14道題目，通常包含2到3篇短文或者若干段文字（如廣告 等）。第二和第三部分分別有13道題目。第二部分通常有2篇文章，第三部分則為一段較長的文章。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問卷中。
三、雅思閱讀文章類型
1. 關(guān)于歐洲及世界社會發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，科學(xué)動向以及文化交流的文章
自1995年雅思考試的題型做出重大改革以后，有兩條原則就被命題的劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會（UCLES）反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)非專業(yè)原則和國際化原則。為了使 不同地域，不同政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，不同膚色，不同文化背景的人能平等且毫無理解困難地參與雅思，法律及專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的醫(yī)學(xué)，生物學(xué)，哲學(xué)，文學(xué)，藝術(shù)等的文章已 經(jīng)不再作為雅思的考查范圍。
就可能涉獵的文章類型而言，以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容經(jīng)常作為考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)：
世界范圍的就業(yè)狀況。
語言學(xué)，考古學(xué)，生物學(xué)，簡單醫(yī)學(xué)（單詞量不會影響對文章的理解）。
世界范圍內(nèi)的教育狀況，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的問題，機(jī)遇及挑戰(zhàn)（糧食，能源）。
女權(quán)注意及女性歧視問題。
環(huán)境保護(hù)（海洋，生物，陸地，森林等）及環(huán)境污染（化學(xué)，石油泄漏等）。
種族，民族問題。
人*炸及居住問題，城市化及相關(guān)問題（交通擁擠，設(shè)施缺乏，噪聲等）。
2. 關(guān)于地球，自然界的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象及地理現(xiàn)象的文章
這種文章類型在I中最為普遍，其涵蓋面之廣無從細(xì)分，但就最近一年以來考試文章分析，主要還是以下幾種類型：
太空，宇宙概況，以及外星生物探討等。
全球氣候變暖，厄爾尼諾，洋流異常，臭氧層破壞。
地球?yàn)?zāi)難，火山爆發(fā)，地震，彗星撞地球，森林大火，生物滅絕。
3. 人類歷史發(fā)展中重要事件，重要人物及重要標(biāo)志性產(chǎn)品。
這也是雅思中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種重要的文章類型，但自1998年開始對重要人物的考查總是和重要事件交織在一起，不再單獨(dú)羅列。人類歷史上的重大發(fā)明和表明人類文明輝煌成就的重大事件也是重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容（發(fā)明電視，電影，計(jì)算機(jī)及登陸月球）。
雅思閱讀長難句歸類
加復(fù)雜修飾的簡單句
例：At various points in evolutionary history， enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land， sometimes even to the most parched（炎熱的，干旱的） deserts， taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular（細(xì)胞的） fluids. （劍9 Test 1 Passage 3）。
并列句
如果句子包含兩個或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一個并列連詞來連接，最常見的并列連詞有and， or 和but。
例：An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy（星系）， but many of these either require too much energy， or else are severely attenuated （衰減的）while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy.（劍9 Test 1 Passage 2）。
各種從句
從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就像一個句子一樣。從句可以分為：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。前四類從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞，所以通稱名詞性從句；定語從句功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，稱為形容詞性從句；而狀語從句功能相當(dāng)于副詞，稱為副詞性從句。
例：Second， we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us， since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form， quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. （劍9 Test 1 Passage 2）。

以上信息希望能幫助您在留學(xué)申請的道路上少走彎路。如果您還有更多問題或需要深入探討，不要猶豫，您可以在我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站上找到更豐富的考試資訊、留學(xué)指導(dǎo)和*專家咨詢服務(wù)。我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)始終站在您的角度，為您的留學(xué)夢想全力以赴。祝您申請順利！

2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢想的路上，選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時提問！
對于雅思考生來說，劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難？下面就和小鐘老師一起來看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists） and substantial essays on ＂Bridge，” ＂Chromatics，＂ ＂Egypt，＂ ＂Languages＂ and ＂Tides＂. Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath， a genius or a dilettante？ In an ambitious new biography， Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph ＂the last man who knew everything.＂ Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.
B Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper， Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that， to account for the ability to see in color， there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three ＂principal colors＂ to which the retina could respond： red， green， violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life， when he was in his forties， Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone， a tablet that was ＂found＂ in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets： Greek， something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and， as Young deduced， is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England， Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather， eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two， and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin， Greek， mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school， he was greatly encouraged by his mother＇s uncle， Richard Brocklesby， a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London， following the medical circuit， and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh， Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808， Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George＇s Hospital.
E Young＇s skill as a physician， however， did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution， where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society， a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica， and throughout his career he authored numerous books， essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect， but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson＇s aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young＇s work and life. He succeeds， providing clear expositions of the technical material （especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs）. Some readers of this book will， like Robinson， find Young＇s accomplishments impressive； others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book， readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society， attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman. However， his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804， and according to Robinson， ＂their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.＂ Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young＇s relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them， or anyone else， with shaping Young＇s extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young＇s relationships， however， anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet， write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others， Young wasn＇t so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young＇s talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young＇s advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica？
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper？
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages？
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies？
12 Where did Young get a teaching position？
13 What contribution did Young make to London？
文章題目：
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段：托馬斯·楊對百科全書的主要成就
B段：托馬斯年輕時的主要成就
C段：托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段：托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長經(jīng)歷
E段：托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段： 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段：托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型：True / false /not given
題號定位詞文中對應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競爭者，他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題，分別是Leonard Warren寫的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記，以及 Paula Findlen＇s寫的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此，本題答案為True
2all， articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書的詞條，因此并不是所有的都在百科全書。而在本段第二句中，作者指出，Young在20歲的時候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會，并在一年后成為該學(xué)會的會員： He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然，題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就，即Young長大后的成就。此外，在C段最后一句中，作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于，Young并沒有像其他那些年少成名而后來江郎才盡的孩子一樣，他后來同樣取得了非凡的成就： These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞，顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長背景和經(jīng)歷，同時體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī)，并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子： He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個方面的造詣更高，更有天賦。Surpassing這個概念并沒有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”，文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此，本題答案為True
6Interested in， social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出，通過Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁短語以及將一位年輕女性寫在涼亭上的詩歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然，Young對于這樣的社交娛樂是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此，本題答案為True
7disease， later yearsC段第一句，G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life，”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就；G段給出了Young的婚后生活，以及Robinson在書中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無論哪一個點(diǎn)都沒有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
題目類型：Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists）…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指傳記詞條，與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此，本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper， on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances， Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明，Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會學(xué)會。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出，在這篇論文中，Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此，本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出，Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語 Indo-European來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。
因此，本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire， medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出：“Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然，正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)，Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹。
因此，本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”，題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”，該句明確指出，Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授，受聘于英國科學(xué)研究所。
因此，本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個成就，其對于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此，本題答案為gas lighting
A我們該怎樣理解托馬斯·楊（1773-1829）？他是《大不列顛百科全書》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇傳記（大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者），和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個博學(xué)者？ 一個天才？還是一個業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢？在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中，Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競爭者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對競爭：因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他，也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher（1602-1680）的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫了很多百科全書上的文章，他在20歲的時候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會，并在他的21歲生日后被評為一周科學(xué)人物，楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探討了這個問題，類似牛頓，他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù)，他還得出這樣的理論：光是通過“以太”分子的振動，以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的，而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì)，其存在還存在爭議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見顏色，必須要有3個感應(yīng)器對“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng)，而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅，黃，藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時候，也就是40多歲的時候，楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼，這個石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并且從1802年起就在英國博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母：希臘語，不可辨識的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書》中編纂的詞條。在另一個條目中，他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語“Indo-European”來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國薩默塞特郡一個虔誠的教友會教徒家庭，從小和他的外公一起長大，最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時候就博覽群書，并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語，希臘語，數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué)，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵，他的舅舅也是英國皇家學(xué)會的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下，楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹，他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，多虧了Brocklesby的引薦，楊進(jìn)入了英國皇家學(xué)會，他最后也打破了從小在教友會的教育，他參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后，楊在倫敦開了一家診所，很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會的一員，并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語言學(xué)家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已經(jīng)被任命為英國皇家學(xué)會的教授，他每年要在那里舉辦60場的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國朵家學(xué)會的秘書，而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù)，比如說在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起，他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人，也是Board of Longitude的秘書。從1824年到1829年，他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間，他為《大不列顛百科全書》編纂了許多詞條，而且窮其一生著作，論文無數(shù)。
F我們通過楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁文短語以及他將一位年輕的女士寫在避暑山莊墻上的詩句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的個人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩ぷ骱脱芯康娜橥度攵燥@蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚，據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的，因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭議的時候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他，并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開始慢慢起飛的時候，她開始有些擔(dān)心錢的問題。值得一提的是，楊沒有被保護(hù)的人，他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過失的一些偉人（其中很多是很著名的如牛頓，楊最早在17歲讀了他寫的書）。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知，Robinson在說到楊的非凡的頭腦時也并沒有將其歸功于他的父母，或許很難有這樣的巧合：過去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

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請問2023年8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一，而作為您的指導(dǎo)，我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無論您的問題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專業(yè)選擇、申請流程還是學(xué)校信息，我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹，歡迎隨時訪問。
8月1號進(jìn)行了八月初的第一場雅思的考試，相信大家對真題以及答案會非常的感興趣、今天就由小鐘老師為大家介紹2023年8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案。
一、考題解析
P1 土地沙漠化
P2 澳大利亞的鸚鵡
P3 多重任務(wù)
二、名師點(diǎn)評
1.8月份首場考試的難度總體中等，有出現(xiàn)比較多的配對題，沒有出現(xiàn)Heading題，其余主要以常規(guī)的填空，判斷和選擇題為主。文章的話題和題型搭配也是在劍橋真題中都有跡可循，所以備考重心依然還是劍橋官方真題。
2. 整體分析：涉及環(huán)境類（P1）、動物類（P2）、社科類（P3）。
本次考試的P2和P3均為舊題。P2是動物類的話題，題型組合為：段落細(xì)節(jié)配對+單選+summary填空，難度中等。題型上也延續(xù)19年的出題特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)配對題，考察定位速度和準(zhǔn)確度。P3也出現(xiàn)了段落細(xì)節(jié)配對，主要是段落細(xì)節(jié)配對+單選+判斷。三種題型難度中等，但是文章理解起來略有難度。
3. 部分答案及參考文章：
Passage 1：土地沙漠化
題型及答案待確認(rèn)
Passage 2：澳大利亞的鸚鵡
題型：段落細(xì)節(jié)配對+單選+Summary填空
技巧分析：由于段落細(xì)節(jié)配對是完全亂序出題，在定位時需要先做后面的單選題及填空題，最大化利用已讀信息來確定答案，盡量避免重復(fù)閱讀，以保證充分的做題時間。
文章內(nèi)容及題目參考：
A 概況，關(guān)于一個大的生物種類
B 一些物種消失的原因，題干關(guān)鍵詞：an example of one bird species extinct
C 一種鸚鵡不能自己存活，以捕食另一種鳥為生，吃該鳥類的蛋。題干關(guān)鍵詞：two species competed at the expense of oneanother
D 吸引鸚鵡的原因以及鸚鵡嘴的特點(diǎn)。題干關(guān)鍵詞：*ysis of reasons as Australian landscapeattract parrots
E 植物是如何適應(yīng)鸚鵡。題干關(guān)鍵詞：plants attract birds which make the animal adaptto the environment
F 南半球?qū)τ⒄Z的影響
G 兩種鸚鵡從環(huán)境改變中獲益并存活下來。題干關(guān)鍵詞：two species of parrots benefit fromm theenvironment change
H 外來物種及本地鸚鵡
I 鳥類棲息地被破壞以及人類采取的措施
J 作者對于鸚鵡問題的態(tài)度
單選題：
why parrots in the whole world are lineal descendants of
選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞：continent split from Africa
the writer thinks parrots species beak is for
選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞：adjust to their suitable diet
which one is not mentioned
選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞：should be frequently maintained
填空題：分布在文章的前兩段
one-sixth
16th century
mapmaker
John Gould
Passage 3：多重任務(wù)
題型：段落細(xì)節(jié)配對+單選+判斷
參考答案及文章
28 F
29I
30C
31B
32G
33C
34B
35A
36YES
37YES
38NO
39NOT GIVEN
40NO
Passage3： multitasking
Multitasking Debate—Can you do them at the same time？
Talking on the phone while driving isn＇t the only situationwhere we＇re worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. Newstudies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we arefundamentally incapable of true multitasking. If experimental findings reflectreal-world performance， people who think they are multitasking are probablyjust underperforming in all-or at best， all but one -of their parallelpursuits. Practice might improve your performance， but you will never be asgood as when focusing on one task at a time.
The problem， according to René Marois， a psychologist atVanderbilt University in Nashville， Tennessee， is that there＇s a sticking pointin the brain. To demonstrate this， Marois devised an experiment to locate nteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears， a red circle，say， they have to press a key with their index finger. Different colouredcircles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second， and thevolunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen todifferent recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance， whenthey hear a bird chirp， they have to say ＂ba＂； an electronic soundshould elicit a ＂ko＂， and so on. Again， no problem. A normal personcan do that in about half a second， with almost no effort. The trouble comeswhen Marois shows the volunteers an image， then almost immediately plays them asound. Now they＇re flummoxed. ＂If you show an image and play a sound atthe same time， one task is postponed，＂ he says. In fact，if the second taskis introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to thefirst， it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largestdual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously； delaysprogressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens（See Diagram）.
There are at least three points where we seem to getstuck， says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we＇re looking can take a few tenths of a second， during which time we are not able tosee and recognise a second item. This limitation is known as the＂attentional blink＂： experiments have shown that if you＇re watchingout for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any timewithin this crucial window of concentration， it may register in your visualcortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly， if you don＇texpect the first event， you have no trouble responding to the second. Whatexactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.
A second limitation is in our short-term visual ＇s estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time， fewer ifthey are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain， in part， our astonishinginability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical，so-called ＂change blindness＂. Show people pairs of near-identicalphotos -say， aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other -andthey will fail to spot the differences （if you don＇t believe it， check out theclips at /~rensink/flicker/download）. Here again， though， thereis disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does itcome down to a dearth of storage capacity， or is it about how much attention aviewer is paying？
A third limitation is that choosing a response to astimulus -braking when you see a child in the road， for instance，or replyingwhen your mother tells you over the phone that she＇s thinking of leaving yourdad -also takes brainpower. Selecting a response to one of these things willdelay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other. This iscalled the ＂response selection bottleneck＂ theory， first proposed in1952.
Last December， Marois and his colleagues published apaper arguing that this bottleneck is in fact created in two different areas ofthe brain： one in the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex and another in thesuperior medial frontal cortex （Neuron， vol 52， p 1109）. They found this byscanning people＇s brains with functional MRI while the subjects struggled tochoose among eight possible responses to each of two closely timed tasks. Theydiscovered that these brain areas are not tied to any particular sense but aregenerally involved in selecting responses， and they seemed to queue theseresponses when presented with multiple tasks concurrently.
Bottleneck？ What bottleneck？
But David Meyer， a psychologist at the University ofMichigan， Ann Arbor， doesn＇t buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-taskinterference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritisemultiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his has written papers with titles like ＂Virtually perfect time-sharing indual-task performance： Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck＂（Psychological Science， vol 12， p101）. His experiments have shown that withenough practice -at least 2000 tries -some people can execute two taskssimultaneously as competently as if they were doing them one after the suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates allthis and， what＇s more， he thinks it uses discretion： sometimes it chooses todelay one task while completing another.
Even with practice， not all people manage to achieve thisharmonious time-share， however. Meyer argues that individual differences comedown to variations in the character of the processor -some brains are just more＂cautious＂， some more ＂daring＂. And despite urban legend，there are no noticeable
differences between men and women. So， according to him，it＇s not a central bottleneck that causes dual-task interference， but rather＂adaptive executive control＂， which ＂schedules task processesappropriately to obey instructions about their relative priorities and serialorder＂.
Marois agrees that practice can sometimes eraseinterference effects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practice each dayfor two weeks， volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks atonce. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achievethis. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find lesscongested circuits to execute a task -rather like finding trusty back streetsto avoid heavy traffic on main roads -effectively making our response to thetask subconscious. After all， there are plenty of examples of subconsciou*ultitasking that most of us routinely manage： walking and talking， eating andreading， watching TV and folding the laundry.
But while some dual tasks benefit from practice， otherssimply do not. ＂Certain kinds of tasks are really hard to do two atonce，＂ says Pierre Jolicoeur at the University of Montreal， Canada， whoalso studies multitasking. Dual tasks involving a visual stimulus andskeletal-motor response （which he dubs ＂in the eye and out the hand＂）and an auditory stimulus with a verbal response （＂in the ear and out themouth＂） do seem to be amenable to practice， he says. Jolicoeur has foundthat with enough training such tasks can be performed as well together asapart. He speculates that the brain connections that they use may be somehowspecial， because we learn to speak by hearing and learn to move by looking. Butpair visual input with a verbal response， or sound to motor， and there＇s nodramatic improvement. ＂It looks like no amount of practice will allow youto combine these，＂ he says.
For research purposes， these experiments have to be keptsimple. Real-world multitasking poses much greater challenges. Even the upbeatMeyer is sceptical about how a lot of us live our lives. Instant-messaging andtrying to do your homework？ ＂It can＇t be done，＂ he says. Conducting ajob interview while answering emails？ ＂There＇s no way you wind up being asgood.＂ Needless to say， there appear to be no researchers in the area ofmultitasking who believe that you can safely drive a car and carry on a phoneconversation. In fact， last year David Strayer at the University of Utah inSalt Lake City reported that people using cellphones drive no better thandrunks （Human Factors， vol 48， p 381）. In another study， Strayer found thatusing a hands-free kit did not improve a driver＇s response time. He concludedthat what distracts a driver so badly is the very act of talking to someone whoisn＇t present in the car and therefore is unaware of the hazards facing thedriver.
“No researchers believe it＇s safe to drive a car andcarry on a phone conversation”
It probably comes as no surprise that， generallyspeaking， we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer atthe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign， who studies how ageing affectsour cognitive abilities， we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow throughour 30s and on into our 50s， it is there； and after 55， it becomes moreprecipitous. In one study， he and his colleagues had both young and oldparticipants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. Hefound that while young drivers tended to miss background changes， older driversfailed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise， older subjects hadmore trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than youngdrivers.
It＇s not all bad news for over-55s， though. Kramer alsofound that older people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn toperform better， brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was achange in the way their brains become active.
Whileit＇s clear that practice can often make a difference， especially as we age， thebasic facts remain sobering. ＂We have this impression of an almightycomplex brain，＂ says Marois， ＂and yet we have very humbling andcrippling limits.＂ For most of our history， we probably never needed to domore than one thing at a time， he says， and so we haven＇t evolved to be ableto. Perhaps we will in future， though. We might yet look back one day on peoplelike Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.

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