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2023年10月16日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案 2023年5月12日雅思閱讀真題整理

更新:2023年12月11日 11:13 大學(xué)路

最近經(jīng)常有小伙伴私信詢(xún)問(wèn)2023年10月16日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案 2023年5月12日雅思閱讀真題整理相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,今天,大學(xué)路小編整理了以下內(nèi)容,希望可以對(duì)大家有所幫助。

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2023年10月16日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案 2023年5月12日雅思閱讀真題整理

2023年10月16日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案

您好,我是專(zhuān)注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢(xún)的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上,選擇合適的學(xué)校和專(zhuān)業(yè),準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試,都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn),我在此為您提供全方位的專(zhuān)業(yè)咨詢(xún)和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)!
閱讀考試是雅思考試中占分比重比較大的類(lèi)型,需要大家認(rèn)真對(duì)待。以下是小鐘老師為大家整理的雅思2023年10月16日閱讀考試真題及答案,僅供參考。
2023年10月16日雅思閱讀考試
Passage 1
主題:貿(mào)易船競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
參考答案:
Passage 2
主題:IQ
參考答案:
14-17 判斷
14.FALSE
15.NOT GIVEN
16.TRUE
17.TRUE
18-22 人名匹配
18.A
19.E
20.F
21.C
22.D
23-26 填空
23.scalp electrodes
24.inspiration and elaboration
25.alpha wave activity
26.flexibility
Passage 3
主題:旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展
待更新
雅思閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)照表
雅思9分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀39-40分;
雅思8.5分對(duì)閱讀37-38分;
雅思8.分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀35-36分;
雅思7.5分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀33-34分;
雅思7分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀30-32分;
雅思6.5分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀27-29分;
雅思6分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀23-26分;
雅思5.5分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀20-22分;
雅思5分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀16-19分;
雅思4.5分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀13-15分;
雅思4分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀10-12分;
雅思3.5分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀6-9分;
雅思3分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀4-5分;
雅思2.5分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀3分;
雅思2分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀2分;
雅思1分對(duì)應(yīng)閱讀1分。
雅思閱讀題型介紹
選擇題
選擇題其實(shí)是在考你對(duì)于原文中提及的一些詳細(xì)信息的定位能力。你需要快速讀懂題目并選擇出正確的選項(xiàng)。往往除了正確選項(xiàng)以外還會(huì)有幾個(gè)迷惑選項(xiàng)給你*陷阱,你必須憑借原文中的特定信息來(lái)排除它們(或定位正確選項(xiàng))。
Summary填空題
這種題目一般是將原文的某一部分信息先進(jìn)行了一個(gè)總結(jié),然后設(shè)計(jì)了一些空讓你填空。你有可能需要用原文的單詞進(jìn)行填空,也可能需要用所給出的一些單詞進(jìn)行選詞填空。(詞比空多)由于是對(duì)原文的總結(jié),所以這段題干的內(nèi)容在原文中肯定是出現(xiàn)的,但是絕對(duì)不會(huì)是原文重現(xiàn),而是用一些同義詞對(duì)原文的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。
完成句子
這種題目一般是有幾個(gè)句子中間有空讓你用原文中的單詞去填。其實(shí)這種題目更多的考察你的意譯能力,即題干中的句子跟原文中的句子是兩個(gè)同義句,表達(dá)的其實(shí)是同一個(gè)意思,考察你的同義詞掌握能力。一般題目開(kāi)頭會(huì)有這么一句話 ”ChooseNO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the textfor eachanswer”注意,NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS就是不能超過(guò)2個(gè)單詞,只能填1個(gè)或2個(gè);此外,from the text 意味著你只能填原文中的詞匯,而不是自己去編一個(gè)。
句子配對(duì)題
這種題型就是給你兩組不完整的句子讓你根據(jù)原文的信息進(jìn)行配對(duì)。這種題型并不像 TFNG,填空題那么常見(jiàn),但我們備考的時(shí)候也要練習(xí)。這種題的主要目的就是看你是否讀懂了句子,是否了解原文的大意。給出的選項(xiàng)要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于給出的題干,一般是從 8-9 個(gè)句子中選 5-6 個(gè)進(jìn)行配對(duì)。(所以排除法也是可以運(yùn)用的)
判斷題(TFNG)題型
判斷題又稱(chēng)“TFNG”題,要求你根據(jù)原文的信息對(duì)給出的題干進(jìn)行判斷。
標(biāo)題配對(duì)題
標(biāo)題配對(duì)題又稱(chēng) heading 題,需要你把題干中列出個(gè)段落標(biāo)題與原文段落配對(duì),主要就是考察你對(duì)文章每一段段落大意的掌握情況。heading 一般都是對(duì)某一段信息的簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié),你必須找出那個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€(gè),一般來(lái)說(shuō) headings 多于段落。
圖表題
顧名思義,就是根據(jù)原文提供的信息來(lái)完成一個(gè)圖表(通常都是圖),原文一般都是描述一個(gè)流程,描述一個(gè)東西等,有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似我們小作文的流程圖或地圖題。
人名配對(duì)題
題目要求你根據(jù)原文把某個(gè)專(zhuān)家,研究員,科學(xué)家等的言論,觀點(diǎn),發(fā)現(xiàn)或成就等與題干配對(duì)。
雅思閱讀提升技巧
1、快速瀏覽全文
考生最好用1—2分鐘大致瀏覽全文,以便掌握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。
這一步驟雖短,但卻是訓(xùn)練及解題過(guò)程中的重點(diǎn)。文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式可以幫助考生更好地理解內(nèi)容,并理順句子或段落間的關(guān)系,以便在做題過(guò)程中有重點(diǎn)的跳讀。
2、解析題目
首先,無(wú)論遇到哪種題型,考生都應(yīng)盡可能地找出一些關(guān)鍵詞,以便迅速定出答案可能所在的區(qū)域。其次,考生應(yīng)對(duì)各種題型有較深入的理解。
尤其是每種題型的應(yīng)對(duì)方法。拿Matching的題來(lái)講,在General Reading和Academic Reading中就不一樣,一個(gè)是Matching of Information,另一個(gè)是Matching of Paragraph Headings,兩種題型的做法不一樣,在前者,考生應(yīng)將注意力集中在題中,將每個(gè)問(wèn)題的核心詞標(biāo)出來(lái),然后根據(jù)這些核心詞去文中找相應(yīng)的信息。
在后者,考生的注意力應(yīng)放在歸納文章上,在進(jìn)行核心詞分類(lèi)后,就要對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和每段的重心進(jìn)行歸納與分析,找出各段的主題詞,然后在段落的首句中找出相應(yīng)信息。
3、注意詞形變化
考生一定要特別注意詞形變化、同(近)義詞或是相關(guān)詞,因?yàn)轭}目中出現(xiàn)的詞不一定和文章中出現(xiàn)的詞一模一樣。
考生在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中尤其要培養(yǎng)這方面的敏感度。核心詞盡量以信號(hào)詞為主,其次才是關(guān)鍵詞。
4、攻克單詞和句子閱讀
雅思閱讀是考試一大難點(diǎn),很多考生在閱讀上失手。其主要存在以下幾個(gè)難點(diǎn):?jiǎn)卧~、句子閱讀、閱讀速度和考生主觀臆斷。
準(zhǔn)備單詞卡片,循環(huán)背誦一般雅思閱讀中涉及詞匯量比較大,但考生具備4000左右即可應(yīng)考。單詞貧乏的考生,一定要及時(shí)補(bǔ)充詞匯,打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。在應(yīng)試時(shí)很容易遺忘或混淆單詞的意義,為了避免類(lèi)似情況發(fā)生,一定要加強(qiáng)單詞意義的理解。
5、句子參考上下文,分析主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
在句子理解方面,考生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤就是根據(jù)自己已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)片面理解。
雅思閱讀中有的題目考的是對(duì)于文章中某一句子的理解,要參考上下文客觀地看問(wèn)題??忌鷳?yīng)對(duì)一些復(fù)合句,尤其是雙重否定句、比較句、指代句等有較深了解。
特別在遇到復(fù)雜句時(shí),應(yīng)靜心思考,從把握句子主干一一主謂結(jié)構(gòu)著手來(lái)分析解剖句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
6、學(xué)會(huì)做標(biāo)記
雅思閱讀追求速度(speed)與準(zhǔn)確度(accuracy)的完美結(jié)合??於粶?zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)而太慢都會(huì)影響考分??忌谇趭^練習(xí)的時(shí)候掌握一些閱讀技巧將達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。
快速閱讀最關(guān)鍵的是在掃描全文的時(shí)候把握每段的主旨,并做出標(biāo)記,在看完全文后對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)主題有大致的了解。此外,考生以單詞為單位看文章,遇生詞就停頓等壞習(xí)慣都要極力避免。

希望以上的答復(fù)能對(duì)您的留學(xué)申請(qǐng)有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細(xì)的問(wèn)題或需要進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助,我強(qiáng)烈推薦您訪問(wèn)我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站 ,在那里您可以找到更多專(zhuān)業(yè)的留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)資料以及*的咨詢(xún)服務(wù)。祝您留學(xué)申請(qǐng)順利!

2023年5月12日雅思閱讀真題整理

您好,我是專(zhuān)注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢(xún)的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上,選擇合適的學(xué)校和專(zhuān)業(yè),準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試,都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn),我在此為您提供全方位的專(zhuān)業(yè)咨詢(xún)和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)!
2023年5月12日的雅思考試結(jié)束了,不知道同學(xué)們考的怎么樣呢?大家可以來(lái)對(duì)一下答案啊,下面就和小鐘老師來(lái)看看2023年5月12日雅思閱讀真題整理。今天先看看之前的真題答案。

Passage1:
電子游戲的發(fā)展
Passage2:
藝術(shù)和建筑
Passage3:
達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化輪對(duì)現(xiàn)代商業(yè)和人們行為的影響

希望以上的答復(fù)能對(duì)您的留學(xué)申請(qǐng)有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細(xì)的問(wèn)題或需要進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助,我強(qiáng)烈推薦您訪問(wèn)我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站 ,在那里您可以找到更多專(zhuān)業(yè)的留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)資料以及*的咨詢(xún)服務(wù)。祝您留學(xué)申請(qǐng)順利!

請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young

您好,我是專(zhuān)注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢(xún)的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一,而作為您的指導(dǎo),我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無(wú)論您的問(wèn)題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專(zhuān)業(yè)選擇、申請(qǐng)流程還是學(xué)校信息,我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹,歡迎隨時(shí)訪問(wèn)。
對(duì)于雅思考生來(lái)說(shuō),劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難?下面就和小鐘老師一起來(lái)看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics," "Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything." Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.
B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three "principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital.
E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young's accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, "their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper?
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?
12 Where did Young get a teaching position?
13 What contribution did Young make to London?
文章題目:
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段:托馬斯·楊對(duì)百科全書(shū)的主要成就
B段:托馬斯年輕時(shí)的主要成就
C段:托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段:托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷
E段:托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段: 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段:托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類(lèi)型:True / false /not given
題號(hào)定位詞文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題,分別是Leonard Warren寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記,以及 Paula Findlen's寫(xiě)的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
2all, articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書(shū)的詞條,因此并不是所有的都在百科全書(shū)。而在本段第二句中,作者指出,Young在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì),并在一年后成為該學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員: He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然,題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就,即Young長(zhǎng)大后的成就。此外,在C段最后一句中,作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于,Young并沒(méi)有像其他那些年少成名而后來(lái)江郎才盡的孩子一樣,他后來(lái)同樣取得了非凡的成就: These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞,顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長(zhǎng)背景和經(jīng)歷,同時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī),并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子: He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個(gè)方面的造詣更高,更有天賦。Surpassing這個(gè)概念并沒(méi)有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”,文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
6Interested in, social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出,通過(guò)Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁短語(yǔ)以及將一位年輕女性寫(xiě)在涼亭上的詩(shī)歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然,Young對(duì)于這樣的社交娛樂(lè)是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此,本題答案為T(mén)rue
7disease, later yearsC段第一句,G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life,”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就;G段給出了Young的婚后生活,以及Robinson在書(shū)中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無(wú)論哪一個(gè)點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
題目類(lèi)型:Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists)…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指?jìng)饔浽~條,與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此,本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper, on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances, Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明,Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出,在這篇論文中,Young主要討論了人類(lèi)眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此,本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出,Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ) Indo-European來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。
因此,本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire, medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時(shí)期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出:“Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然,正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo),Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹(shù)。
因此,本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”,題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”,該句明確指出,Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授,受聘于英國(guó)科學(xué)研究所。
因此,本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個(gè)成就,其對(duì)于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此,本題答案為gas lighting
A我們?cè)撛鯓永斫馔旭R斯·楊(1773-1829)?他是《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中63篇文章的作者,其中包括46篇傳記(大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者),和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語(yǔ)吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個(gè)能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)博學(xué)者? 一個(gè)天才?還是一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢?在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中,Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個(gè)知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng):因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他,也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記:Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》(1823-1891)以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680)的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫(xiě)了很多百科全書(shū)上的文章,他在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì),并在他的21歲生日后被評(píng)為一周科學(xué)人物,楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類(lèi)眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過(guò)不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中,他更加全面地探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題,類(lèi)似牛頓,他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù),他還得出這樣的理論:光是通過(guò)“以太”分子的振動(dòng),以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的,而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì),其存在還存在爭(zhēng)議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見(jiàn)顏色,必須要有3個(gè)感應(yīng)器對(duì)“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng),而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅,黃,藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時(shí)候,也就是40多歲的時(shí)候,楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼,這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并且從1802年起就在英國(guó)博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母:希臘語(yǔ),不可辨識(shí)的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識(shí)的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的,是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》中編纂的詞條。在另一個(gè)條目中,他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ)“Indo-European”來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來(lái)江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國(guó)薩默塞特郡一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的教友會(huì)教徒家庭,從小和他的外公一起長(zhǎng)大,最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時(shí)候就博覽群書(shū),并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語(yǔ),希臘語(yǔ),數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué),在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵(lì),他的舅舅也是英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下,楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹(shù),他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué),多虧了Brocklesby的引薦,楊進(jìn)入了英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì),他最后也打破了從小在教友會(huì)的教育,他參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子,此外,他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后,楊在倫敦開(kāi)了一家診所,很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會(huì)的一員,并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家取得的成就,早在1801年,他已經(jīng)被任命為英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的教授,他每年要在那里舉辦60場(chǎng)的講座。這些講座在1807年以?xún)杀緯?shū)的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)朵家學(xué)會(huì)的秘書(shū),而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù),比如說(shuō)在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起,他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人,也是Board of Longitude的秘書(shū)。從1824年到1829年,他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間,他為《大不列顛百科全書(shū)》編纂了許多詞條,而且窮其一生著作,論文無(wú)數(shù)。
F我們通過(guò)楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫(xiě)的希臘字母和拉丁文短語(yǔ)以及他將一位年輕的女士寫(xiě)在避暑山莊墻上的詩(shī)句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默,但是他的個(gè)人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩?duì)工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚,據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的,因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對(duì)于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他,并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開(kāi)始慢慢起飛的時(shí)候,她開(kāi)始有些擔(dān)心錢(qián)的問(wèn)題。值得一提的是,楊沒(méi)有被保護(hù)的人,他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公,后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過(guò)失的一些偉人(其中很多是很著名的如牛頓,楊最早在17歲讀了他寫(xiě)的書(shū))。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知,Robinson在說(shuō)到楊的非凡的頭腦時(shí)也并沒(méi)有將其歸功于他的父母,或許很難有這樣的巧合:過(guò)去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

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