2023年雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(3) 劍橋雅思閱讀6 test3答案？ 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

更新：2023年11月09日 19:35 大學路

最近經(jīng)常有小伙伴私信詢問2023年雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(3) 劍橋雅思閱讀6 test3答案？ 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young相關的問題，今天，大學路小編整理了以下內(nèi)容，希望可以對大家有所幫助。

本文目錄一覽：

1、2023年雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(3)
2、劍橋雅思閱讀6 test3答案？
3、2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

2023年雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(3)

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2023年雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(3)
Can Scientists tell us: What happiness is?
A
Economists accept that if people describe themselves as happy, then they are happy. However, psychologists differentiate between levels of happiness. The most immediate type involves a feeling; pleasure or joy. But sometimes happiness is a judgment that life is satisfying, and does not imply an emotional state. Esteemed psychologist Martin Seligman has spearheaded an effort to study the science of happiness. The bad news is that we're not wired to be happy. The good news is that we can do something about it. Since its origins in a Leipzig laboratory 130 years ago, psychology has had little to say about goodness and contentment. Mostly psychologists have concerned themselves with weakness and misery. There are libraries full of theories about why we get sad, worried, and angry. It hasn't been respectable science to study what happens when lives go well. Positive experiences, such as joy, kindness, altrui* and heroi*, have mainly been ignored. For every 100 psychology papers dealing with anxiety or depression, only one concerns a positive trait.
B
A few pioneers in experimental psychology bucked the trend. Professor Alice Isen of Cornell University and colleagues have demonstrated how positive emotions make people think faster and more creatively. Showing how easy it is to give people an intellectual boost, Isen divided doctors making a tricky diagnosis into three groups: one received candy, one read humanistic statements about medicine, one was a control group. The doctors who had candy displayed the most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Inspired by Isen and others, Seligman got stuck in. He raised millions of dollars of research money and funded 50 research groups involving 150 scientists across the world. Four positive psychology centres opened, decorated in cheerful colours and furnished with sofas and baby-sitters. There were get-togethers on Mexican beaches where psychologists would snorkel and eat fajitas, then form "pods" to discuss subjects such as wonder and awe. A thousand therapists were coached in the new science.
C
But critics are demanding answers to big questions. What is the point of defining levels of happiness and classifying the virtues? Aren't these concepts vague and impossible to pin down? Can you justify spending funds to research positive states when there are problems such as famine, flood and epidemic depression to be solved? Seligman knows his work can be belittled alongside trite notions such as "the power of positive thinking". His plan to stop the new science floating "on the waves of self- improvement fashions" is to make sure it is anchored to positive philosophy above, and to positive biology below.
D
And this takes us back to our evolutionary past. Homo sapiens evolved during the Pleistocene era (1.8 m to 10,000 years ago), a time of hardship and turmoil. It was the Ice Age, and our ancestors endured long freezes as glaciers formed, then ferocious floods as the ice masses melted. We shared the planet with terrifying creatures such as mammoths, elephant-sized ground sloths and sabre-toothed cats. But by the end of the Pleistocene, all these animals were extinct. Humans, on the other hand, had evolved large brains and used their intelligence to make fire and sophisticated tools, to develop talk and social rituals. Survival in a time of adversity forged our brains into a persistent mould. Professor Seligman says: "Because our brain evolved during a time of ice, flood and famine, we have a catastrophic brain. The way the brain works is looking for what's wrong. The problem is, that worked in the Pleistocene era. It favoured you, but it doesn't work in the modem world."
E
Although most people rate themselves as happy, there is a wealth of evidence to show that negative thinking is deeply ingrained in the human psyche. Experiments show that we remember failures more vividly than successes. We dwell on what went badly, not what went well. Of the six universal emotions, four anger, fear, disgust and sadness are negative and only one, joy, is positive. The sixth, surprise, is psychologist Daniel Nettle, author of Happiness, and one of the Royal Institution lecturers, the negative emotions each tell us "something bad has happened" and suggest a different course of action.
F
What is it about the structure of the brain that underlies our bias towards negative thinking? And is there a biology of joy? At Iowa University, neuroscientists studied what happens when people are shown pleasant and unpleasant pictures. When subjects see landscapes or dolphins playing, part of the frontal lobe of the brain becomes active. But when they are shown unpleasant images a bird covered in oil, or a dead soldier with part of his face missing the response comes from more primitive parts of the brain. The ability to feel negative emotions derives from an ancient danger-recognition system formed early in the brain's evolution. The pre-frontal cortex, which registers happiness, is the part used for higher thinking, an area that evolved later in human history.
G
Our difficulty, according to Daniel Nettle, is that the brain systems for liking and wanting are separate. Wanting involves two ancient regions the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens that communicate using the chemical dopamine to form the brain's reward system. They are involved in anticipating the pleasure of eating and in addiction to drugs. A rat will press a bar repeatedly, ignoring sexually available partners, to receive electrical stimulation of the "wanting" parts of the brain. But having received brain stimulation, the rat eats more but shows no sign of enjoying the food it craved. In humans, a drug like nicotine produces much craving but little pleasure.
H
In essence, what the biology lesson tells us is that negative emotions are fundamental to the human condition, and ifs no wonder they are difficult to eradicate. At the same time, by a trick of nature, our brains are designed to crave but never really achieve lasting happiness.
Question 14-20
The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.
14 An experiment involving dividing several groups one of which received positive icon
15 Review of a poorly researched psychology area
16 Contrast being made about the brain’s action as response to positive or negative stimulus
17 The skeptical attitude toward the research seemed to be a waste of fund
18 a substance that produces much wanting instead of much liking
19 a conclusion that lasting happiness are hardly obtained because of the nature of brains
20 One description that listed the human emotional categories
Question 21-25
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than four words from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 21-25 on your answer sheet.
A few pioneers in experimental psychology study what happens when lives go well. Professor Alice divided doctors, making a tricky experiment, into three groups: beside the one control group, the other two either are asked to read humanistic statements about drugs, or received …21... The latter displayed the most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Since critics are questioning the significance of the …22…for both levels of happiness and classification for the virtues. Professor Seligman countered in an evolutional theory: survival in a time of adversity forged our brains into the way of thinking for what's wrong because we have a…23…
There is bountiful of evidence to show that negative thinking is deeply built in the human psyche. Later, at Iowa University, neuroscientists studied the active parts in brains to contrast when people are shown pleasant and unpleasant pictures. When positive images like…24…are shown, part of the frontal lobe of the brain becomes active. But when they are shown unpleasant image, the response comes from …25…of the brain.
Question 26
Write your answers in boxes 26 on your answer sheet.
Choose the correct letter. A, B, C or D.
According to Daniel Nettle in the last two paragraphs, what is true as the scientists can tell us about happiness
A Brain systems always mix liking and wanting together.
B Negative emotions can be easily rid of if we think positively.
C Happiness is like nicotine we are craving for but get little pleasure.
D The inner mechani* of human brains does not assist us to achieve durable happiness.
文章題目：科學家可以告訴我們什么是幸福嗎
篇章結構
體裁
議論文
題目
科學家可以告訴我們什么是幸福嗎
結構
(一句話概括每段大意)
A段: 關于幸福的早期心理學研究主流是負面情緒
B段: 少數(shù)心理學家研究正面情感帶給人的益處
C段: 批評家質疑用積極思考來研究幸福的合理性
D段: 冰河世紀的古人類慣用消極思維模式
E段: 消極想法更容易被牢記
F段: 積極和消極想法的大腦結構的生物學基礎
G段: 區(qū)分喜歡和欲望是研究幸福的難點
H段: 消極情緒是人類生存的基礎
試題分析
Question 14-26
題目類型：
題號
定位詞
文中對應點
題目解析
14
Three groups
B段第2句
B段講述了少數(shù)心理學家對積極情緒的研究。從第2句話開始，文章詳述了實驗的方法，題干中的positive icon指代文中的candy。
本題答案為B
15
Ignored，only
A段最后兩句
A段是關于早期心里學家研究幸福的方法。從該段最后兩句可以看出，積極的情緒在當時的研究被ignored，并且在100個試驗中，only one concerns a positive trait。這里的ignored/only/a都是在映射題干中的poorly researched。
本題答案選A
16
Structure of the brain
F段第1句
F段講述了積極和消極想法的大腦結構的生物學基礎。從第一句話的structure of brain可以看出，本段會研究brain action。
本題答案選F
17
Critics, big question
C段第1句
C段是針對B段的觀點，批評家質疑少數(shù)心理學家研究幸福的方式。從critics, big question, what is the point of…等地方，均可以看出題干中所述的skeptical attitude。
本題答案選C
18
Wanting, liking
G段第1句
G段落主要講wanting和liking的在大腦系統(tǒng)中的區(qū)別。從第1句開始，該段多次出現(xiàn)wanting和liking。
所以本題答案選G
19
Brick of nature
H段第2句
H段是全文最后一段，所以很容易于題干中的conclusion聯(lián)系在一起。另外在H段第 2句也出現(xiàn)了brick of nature,指代題干中的nature of brains。
本題答案選H
20
Six universal emotion
E段中間
E段中提到了人類最基礎的六種情感，對應題干中的human emotional categories。
本題答案選E
21
Candy
B段
B段中詳細描述了實驗的三個分組情況。Into three groups: one received candy, one…
所以本題可以從原文中直接找到答案為candy。
22
What is the point of defining…
C段
從題干中的Since critics可得知此題對應原文中的C段。該段第2句話what is the point of defining levels of happiness and classifying the virtues。所以本題需要填寫define的名詞definition。
23
Professor Seligman, adversity
D段倒數(shù)第三局
D段倒數(shù)第3句：Professor Seligman says: because our brain evolved during a time of ice, flood and famine, we have a catastrophic brain。從題干中的Professor Seligman提示了答案應該從這句話中尋找。另外題干中的adversity對應了文章中的ice flood和famine。因此每題應該填catastrophic brain
24
Pleasant picture
E段第3句
E段第3句講述了pleasant and unpleasant picture對人類大腦的影響，之后緊接著提到了landscapes and dolphins playing?？梢娺@里的positive image應該填文章中對應的pleasant picture，即landscapes and dolphins playing。
25
Unpleasant images
E段第4句
此題答案緊接著上一題。作者在E段中描述了pleasant picture之后，緊接著提到了unpleasant image(picture)。在該句的末尾處comes from more primitive parts of the brain可以找到改題的答案為 more primitive parts
26
Separate, deeply ingrained, wanting and liking, lasting happiness
E、G、H段
A選項: G段的第一句話brain system for liking and wanting are separate，因此選項中的mix together是錯誤的。
B選項: 在E段中，作者主要表述了消極思想和情感在大腦中會留下深刻的記憶，并很難被抹去: negative thinking is deeply ingrained in the human psyche。Deeply ingrained和題干中的be easily rid of矛盾。
C選項：G段最后一句，drug like nicotine produces much craving but little pleasure。看似與題干很吻合但是卻在意思上大相徑庭。G段的核心思想是在強調(diào)happiness和滿足wanting后的satisfaction是兩個概念。題干中的nicotine只是滿足了人類大腦的wanting，但是不會帶來pleasant，更不會帶來happiness。所以這個選項也是錯誤的。
D選項：H段最后一句，our brain are designed to crave but never really achieve lasting happiness意思與題干一致，表述了由于大腦結構導致了很難持續(xù)或者幸福感。
所以本題選D
參考譯文：
科學家可以告訴我們什么是幸福嗎
A
經(jīng)濟學家認為，如果人們會把自己描述成幸福的，那么他們就是幸福的.然而心理學家卻要區(qū)分不同幸福感之間的差別。幸福最中等的水平是一種開心或是快樂的感覺。但是有時幸福是對生活的一種評判，認為生活是令人滿意的，而這似乎是不涉及感情范疇的。受人敬仰的心理學家Martin Seligman率先致力于關于幸福的研究。不幸的是，我們并不是天生就會感到幸福;而所幸的是，我們可以做一些關于幸福的事情。關于幸福的研究最早要追溯到130年前在Leipzig的實驗室，那時心理學對“善良”和“滿足”還知之甚少，大部分的心理學家都在研究“軟弱”和“痛苦”。圖書館里的書涉及的理論都是關于我們?yōu)槭裁磿瘋?，擔憂和生氣這類的情緒。研究生活乎順時發(fā)生的事情在當時看來是不靠譜的。積極正面的體驗，比如說快樂，善良，利他主義和英雄主義在當時常常是被人們忽略的。在每100篇關于焦慮和壓抑的心理學論文中，只有一篇會涉及積極的心理狀態(tài)。
B
少數(shù)的實驗心理學家引領了有關幸福研究的潮流?？的螤柎髮W的Alice Isen教授和她的同事致力于研究正面的情感如何讓人們思維更敏捷以及更有創(chuàng)造力。為了展示正面的情感是怎樣迅速地提升一個人的智力，Isen教授通過一個巧妙的診斷將參加實驗的醫(yī)生分為3組：一組收到了糖果，一組朗讀人本主義的宜言，一組則作為控制對照組，(實驗結果表明，)收到糖果的醫(yī)生的思維更具創(chuàng)造性同時工作也更高效，受到Isen教授和其他人的啟發(fā)，Seligman也投身關于幸描的研究，他等集到了幾百萬美金的研究經(jīng)費，用以資助全世界150名科學家組成的50個研究小組。4家“積極心理學”中心成立，用令人愉悅的顏色裝飾，配有沙發(fā)和保姆。心理學家聚集在墨西哥的沙灘上享受著潛水的樂趣，品嘗墨西哥菜肴fajitas，他們還分成小組討論有關“夸跡”和“敬畏"的話題。還有一千名臨床醫(yī)學家接受這項新科學項目的培訓。
C
但是一些批評家要求心理學家回答一些重大的問題，比如說，什么是定義不同幸福水平的標準以及如何將這些特點分類?這些關于幸福的概念難道不是糢糊不清而且無法被這實的嗎?當四處還有饑荒，洪水和經(jīng)濟蕭條的時候，將這些研究基金用于積極心態(tài)的研究合適嗎?Seligman知道他的工作會被別人輕看，還可能會被人冠以諸如“積極思考的力量”此類的陳詞濫調(diào)。因此，為了讓這樣新的科學研究不要浮于自我滿足的狀態(tài)，就要確保這項研完和“枳極心理學”相聯(lián)系，又以“枳極生物學”作為基礎。
D
這就需要我們回到人類的進化史，人類是從更新世時代(180萬到1萬年前)開始進化的，那是一個充滿艱難和動蕩的時代。在冰河世紀，我們的祖先先是忍受冰川形成的寒冷，然后是冰川消融時的泛濫的洪水。人們還得和那些令人毛骨悚然的生物比如說猛犸象和體型如大象般巨大的地懶以及長著銳利犬牙的貓共同生存。但是到了更新世的末期，所有的這些動物都滅絕了，人類卻進化出了腦容量更大的大腦，并且通過自己的智力學會生火和*較復雜的工具，還學會了說話并且形成了一些社會禮儀。在逆境中生存將人類變得更加有恒心和毅力。Seligman教授說道：“因為我們的大腦是在一個充滿冰川，洪水和饑荒的年代進化來的，我們的大腦經(jīng)歷了太多患難—災難性，所以我們的大腦的運作模式就是 “發(fā)現(xiàn)哪里出了問題”。但問題是，這在更新世那樣的時代是起作用的，在那時這對人類是有益的，但是在現(xiàn)代社會就不起作用了。
E
盡管大多數(shù)人評價自己很幸福，但是大量證據(jù)顯示消極的想法還是在人類心中根深蒂固。實驗顯示，較成功而言，失敗更容易被我們牢牢記住。我們總是在思想一些不順利的事情，而不是那些順利的好的事情。在6種基本的情緒中，有4種是消極的，它們是：生氣，害怕，厭惡和悲傷，而只有一種是積極的，它就是喜悅。(第6種情緒是驚奇，屬于中性。)心理學家同時也是《幸?！愤@本書的作者Daniel Nettle和皇家學院的一位學者認為，消極的情緒總是告訴我們“一些不好的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了”，從而會讓我們采取不一樣的行動。
F
究竟是什么樣的大腦結構讓我們會傾向于有消極的想法呢?“快樂”這樣的情緒有生物學基礎嗎?愛荷華大學的神經(jīng)學家研究了當人們看到令人愉悅的圖片和讓人不舒服的圖片時的情況。當人們看到風景或是海豚玩耍時，大腦的額葉會變得活躍。但是當他們看到一些讓人不舒服的圖片比如說一只小鳥被埋在土里時，或是一個戰(zhàn)死的戰(zhàn)士面部還有部分缺失時，大腦最原始的部分會做出反應。這種識別消極情緒的能力是從古時候大腦進化早期形成的危險識別系統(tǒng)來的。大腦前額葉皮質是產(chǎn)生幸福感的部位，是用來進行一些高級的思考，是人類晚些時期進化來的。
G
據(jù)Daniel Nettle所言，研究的困難在于大腦對于“喜歡”和“欲望”(wanting and liking)的機制是分開的，“欲望”涉及兩個最初大腦發(fā)育的部位，也就是扁桃體和神經(jīng)大腦區(qū)，它們通過化學多巴酚傳遞信息來形成大腦的獎勵機制。它們常常是讓人們很期待吃完東西的*或是對藥品上癮。小白鼠會不停地擊打柵欄來獲取對大腦“欲望”情緒的電*，而忽略異性同伴，但是獲得大腦*的小白鼠雖然吃得更多，但是并沒有跡象表明它在吃到自己渴想的食物后有一種滿足感。對人而言，像尼古丁這樣的物質會讓人想要攝取更多但是卻帶來很少的*。
H
從本質上來看，生物課可以告訴我們消極的情緒是人類生存的基本情緒，所以難怪它很難根除。與此同時，讓人覺得很詭異的是，我們的大腦總是想要的很多，但是卻很難真正得到持續(xù)的幸福感。
參考答案:
Version 19104 主題幸福的科學解釋
14
B
15
A
16
F
17
C
18
G
19
H
20
E
21
Candy
22
definition
23
a catastrophic brain
24
landscapes or dolphins playing
25
(more) primitive parts
26
D

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劍橋雅思閱讀6 test3答案？

關鍵詞： 3000 BC, cocoon, fell into, emperor's wife

定位原文: 第1段第5句“It just so happened that... ” 這些蠶繭中的一粒掉進了熱茶中并開始松散成為一根細絲。

解題思路: “3000BC”和“皇帝的妻子”都很好定位，在第一段的第二句中便可看到，但卻偏偏沒有“掉進”這個信息，直到讀者看到第五句中的landed in這個同義表述才能恍然大悟，答案為tea。

【附解析】

Question 2

答案： reel

關鍵詞： emperor's wife, invented, pull out silk fibres

定位原文：第1段第8句“She also devised a special reel to draw... ”她還設計發(fā)明了一種特殊的卷軸來將蠶繭中的纖維紡成絲線。

解題思路：此題的定位距離上一道題不遠，仍是皇帝妻子所做的事。題干說“皇帝的妻子發(fā)明了一個 _____ 來拽出絲綢纖維”，讀者只需回到原文找到devised這個對invented進行同義表述的單詞，即不難發(fā)現(xiàn)答案為reel。

2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

您好，我是專注留學考試規(guī)劃和留學咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學夢想的路上，選擇合適的學校和專業(yè)，準備相關考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗的留學顧問，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導。歡迎隨時提問！
對于雅思考生來說，劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難？下面就和小鐘老師一起來看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists） and substantial essays on ＂Bridge，” ＂Chromatics，＂＂Egypt，＂＂Languages＂ and ＂Tides＂. Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath， a genius or a dilettante？ In an ambitious new biography， Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph ＂the last man who knew everything.＂ Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.
B Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper， Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that， to account for the ability to see in color， there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three ＂principal colors＂ to which the retina could respond： red， green， violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life， when he was in his forties， Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone， a tablet that was ＂found＂ in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets： Greek， something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and， as Young deduced， is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England， Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather， eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two， and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin， Greek， mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school， he was greatly encouraged by his mother＇s uncle， Richard Brocklesby， a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London， following the medical circuit， and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh， Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808， Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George＇s Hospital.
E Young＇s skill as a physician， however， did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution， where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society， a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica， and throughout his career he authored numerous books， essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect， but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson＇s aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young＇s work and life. He succeeds， providing clear expositions of the technical material （especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs）. Some readers of this book will， like Robinson， find Young＇s accomplishments impressive； others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book， readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society， attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman. However， his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804， and according to Robinson，＂their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.＂ Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young＇s relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them， or anyone else， with shaping Young＇s extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young＇s relationships， however， anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet， write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others， Young wasn＇t so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young＇s talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young＇s advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica？
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper？
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages？
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies？
12 Where did Young get a teaching position？
13 What contribution did Young make to London？
文章題目：
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
篇章結構
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
結構A段：托馬斯·楊對百科全書的主要成就
B段：托馬斯年輕時的主要成就
C段：托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段：托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長經(jīng)歷
E段：托馬斯作為自然哲學學者取得的成就
F段：托馬斯在其他領域的成就
G段：托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型：True / false /not given
題號定位詞文中對應點題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競爭者，他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標題，分別是Leonard Warren寫的關于Joseph Leidy的傳記，以及 Paula Findlen＇s寫的關于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此，本題答案為True
2all， articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書的詞條，因此并不是所有的都在百科全書。而在本段第二句中，作者指出，Young在20歲的時候將自己的第一篇論文自薦給倫敦皇家學會，并在一年后成為該學會的會員： He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然，題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就，即Young長大后的成就。此外，在C段最后一句中，作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點在于，Young并沒有像其他那些年少成名而后來江郎才盡的孩子一樣，他后來同樣取得了非凡的成就： These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞，顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長背景和經(jīng)歷，同時體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Young決定學醫(yī)，并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出，學習跳舞和吹笛子： He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術師。但是并未指出Young在哪個方面的造詣更高，更有天賦。Surpassing這個概念并沒有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”，文中表明Young的很多觀點關注人民和國家事務。題干與原文含義相同。
因此，本題答案為True
6Interested in， social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出，通過Young的醫(yī)學演講中亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁短語以及將一位年輕女性寫在涼亭上的詩歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然，Young對于這樣的社交娛樂是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此，本題答案為True
7disease， later yearsC段第一句，G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life，”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學術方面的成就；G段給出了Young的婚后生活，以及Robinson在書中并未提及Young與父母間的關系。但無論哪一個點都沒有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
題目類型：Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists）…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指傳記詞條，與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此，本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper， on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances， Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明，Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學會學會。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出，在這篇論文中，Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機制
因此，本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出，Young創(chuàng)造了術語 Indo-European來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。
因此，本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire， medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出：“Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然，正是因為 Richard Brocklesby的引導，Young才決定在醫(yī)學方面有所建樹。
因此，本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”，題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”，該句明確指出，Young作為自然哲學的教授，受聘于英國科學研究所。
因此，本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學學者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個成就，其對于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此，本題答案為gas lighting
A我們該怎樣理解托馬斯·楊（1773-1829）？他是《大不列顛百科全書》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇傳記（大部分都是關于科學家和古典學者），和大量關于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個能夠寫出這樣多有權威性文章的人應該算是一個博學者？一個天才？還是一個業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢？在一篇關于他的比較激進的傳記中，Andrew Robinson 認為托馬斯楊是-位強有力的競爭者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對競爭：因為這樣的傳記標題Robinson不僅給了他，也作為副標題給了有關另兩位學者的傳記：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關于另一位博學者Athanasius Kircher（1602-1680）的傳記。
B當然楊的貢獻遠不止寫了很多百科全書上的文章，他在20歲的時候將自己的第一篇論文自薦給倫敦皇家學會，并在他的21歲生日后被評為一周科學人物，楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機制一一關于眼睛如何通過不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探討了這個問題，類似牛頓，他在自己身上進行了可怕的實驗用以獲得相關的證據(jù)，他還得出這樣的理論：光是通過“以太”分子的振動，以波的形式進行傳遞的，而“以太”是一種假想物質，其存在還存在爭議性。他還認為為了能看見顏色，必須要有3個感應器對“三原色”進行感應，而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對其產(chǎn)生感應的顏色就是紅，黃，藍二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時候，也就是40多歲的時候，楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼，這個石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并且從1802年起就在英國博物館進行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母：希臘語，不可辨識的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識的文字現(xiàn)在被認為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相關的。他最初有關這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書》中編纂的詞條。在另一個條目中，他創(chuàng)造了術語“Indo-European”來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學天賦并且不像很多孩子后來江郎才盡的科學家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國薩默塞特郡一個虔誠的教友會教徒家庭，從小和他的外公一起長大，最后去了寄宿學校。他兩歲的時候就博覽群書，并且自學熟練掌握了拉丁語，希臘語，數(shù)學以及哲學，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵，他的舅舅也是英國皇家學會的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導下，楊決定要在醫(yī)學方而有所建樹，他曾先后在倫敦大學、愛丁堡大學和格丁根大學學習醫(yī)學，多虧了Brocklesby的引薦，楊進入了英國皇家學會，他最后也打破了從小在教友會的教育，他參加戲劇演出，學習跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他還是一位杰出的馬術師。在1808年結束在劍橋大學的醫(yī)學學習后，楊在倫敦開了一家診所，很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學會的一員，并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術卻趕不上他作為自然哲學學者或是語言學家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已經(jīng)被任命為英國皇家學會的教授，他每年要在那里舉辦60場的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書的形式進行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國朵家學會的秘書，而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點關注人民和國家事務，比如說在倫敦引進煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起，他就是航海天文年歷的主要負責人，也是Board of Longitude的秘書。從1824年到1829年，他擔任Palladian 保險公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間，他為《大不列顛百科全書》編纂了許多詞條，而且窮其一生著作，論文無數(shù)。
F我們通過楊在醫(yī)學課上胡亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁文短語以及他將一位年輕的女士寫在避暑山莊墻上的詩句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的個人生活也因為自己對工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結婚，據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的，因為他的夫人欣賞他的工作”。我們對于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關于眼睛的理論方面爭議的時候總是堅定地支持他，并且當他的醫(yī)學生涯開始慢慢起飛的時候，她開始有些擔心錢的問題。值得一提的是，楊沒有被保護的人，他都是和自己的導師進行互動一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過失的一些偉人（其中很多是很著名的如牛頓，楊最早在17歲讀了他寫的書）。但是關于楊和他母親以及父親的關系的記述卻鮮力人知，Robinson在說到楊的非凡的頭腦時也并沒有將其歸功于他的父母，或許很難有這樣的巧合：過去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

希望以上的答復能對您的留學申請有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細的問題或需要進一步的協(xié)助，我強烈推薦您訪問我們的留學官方網(wǎng)站，在那里您可以找到更多專業(yè)的留學考試規(guī)劃和留學資料以及*的咨詢服務。祝您留學申請順利！

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