今天大學(xué)路小編為大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x熟詞多義題解析(雅思閱讀段落細(xì)節(jié)題特點(diǎn)解析),希望能幫助到大家,一起來看看吧!
本文目錄一覽:
雅思閱讀熟詞多義題解析
英語中純粹的單義詞很少,絕大多數(shù)詞都是多義詞,即一個詞項(xiàng)有兩個或兩個以上的意義。在雅思閱讀中,有很多詞匯看似很簡單,很熟悉,殊不知他有多個意思。把小伙伴們都迷得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向的。今天我來為大家收集整理了雅思閱讀熟詞多義題解析,希望小伙伴們在雅思考試時能提高警惕,不再犯迷糊!
以下主要就雅思閱讀劍橋真題部分的一些存在熟詞多義的題目進(jìn)行解析:
1.drive
C4T1P1:
In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests.
這是一個復(fù)雜的長難句,一共出現(xiàn)了三處定語從句,一處ways in which, 一處factors which,一處activities which。
drive的主語為連接代詞which代指的先行詞factors,提取之后變?yōu)閒actors drive the activities, 這里如果將這里作為動詞的drive 翻譯成駕駛,句子是完成不通順的,我們從后一處的定語從句中得知,activities指的是破壞雨林的行為,也就是前面的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治因素drive了一些破壞雨林的行為,也就是說,這里的drive是導(dǎo)致,迫使的意思。
C6T1P2
選項(xiàng)型SUMMARY
Q24: Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24................. from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier.
文章E段 To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are *all and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market.
通過manufacturers of computers定位到E段。閱讀后我們可以知道電腦*商集中在東南亞*和進(jìn)口disk drives而不是本國市場。如果同學(xué)對電腦知識比較了解的話,對于drive在這里的理解應(yīng)該問題不大。根據(jù)一定的語法知識我們看得出這里的disk drives和disk-drive是名詞用法,可通過drive的基本含義“駕駛”進(jìn)一步引申理解,“駕駛磁盤”過渡為“讓磁盤啟動”,正確的理解含義為:磁盤驅(qū)動器。對應(yīng)到題目提供的選項(xiàng)“B. components”
2.subject
我們知道它由“科目”的意思,詞匯稍好的同學(xué)還會知道它還有“主語”和“主題”的含義。我們來看下面一題:
C5T1P2
單選題 Q20 The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether
A a 450-volt shock was dangerous.
B punishment helps learning.
C the pupils were honest.
D they were suited to teaching.
文章A段 Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn.
文章這里的'teacher-subject'打了引號,也就是說即便同學(xué)你不認(rèn)識,把它當(dāng)作一個特殊詞符號,不理解不影響做題。不過明顯的是,把“科目”“主語”“主題”放這里,都不好理解。在雅思閱讀學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)類的文章中,subject是個高頻詞匯,作為“實(shí)驗(yàn)對象”的含義來使用, 有時會同義替換為volunteer或participant。
C8T1P3
表格填空Q38 The results were then subjected to a 38…………………….
文章:In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-*ysis', a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies.
通過冠詞a我們可以知道此空填名詞單數(shù),并且從表格縱軸同行的特殊定位詞in 1987,我們找到了定位句。但是定位句中存在冠詞a的三處,到底三處后的單詞填哪個呢。單詞不會,語法來湊,通過題目和文章的主干結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性:A be subjected to B和A be studied By B in C, 由于Honorton是人名且不符合填詞規(guī)定,順理成章的'meta-*ysis'成為我們的選填對象。那subject to到底什么意思呢,通過文章,我們可以知道大概是被研究的意思,查了字典我們就了解,正確含義為“受…支配”。
類似的用法單詞還有:
1. state n. (美國的)州,狀態(tài),*,adj. 國家的,國立的 v.陳述,說明
C8T4P1 判斷題Q8 Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools. State-run adj國立的
C7T4P1 第5段 There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force, Gharib says. State n.狀態(tài)
2. coin n. 硬幣, v. 創(chuàng)造,鑄造
C7T1P1 E段 The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments. Coin v 創(chuàng)造(first used)
3. spoke v. speak過去式,n 車輪的輻條(C4T1P3)
4. tuitionn. 學(xué)費(fèi),課程,講授,教學(xué)(C4T1P1)
5. complaint n. 抱怨,*,疾病(C4T2P2)
6. Interest v. 是感興趣n. 興趣,利益,利息(C4T3P1)
7. leaves v. leave的動詞三單形式 n.葉子(Pl)(C8T4P3)
8. press v. 按壓,n. 印刷,新聞工作者,新聞(C5T1P3/C5T4P2)
(pressing adj. 迫切的,急切的 C7T1P2)
希望以上內(nèi)容能對大家有所幫助!我預(yù)祝大家在雅思閱讀考試中能夠取得理想的成績!更多信息敬請關(guān)注雅思頻道!
雅思閱讀段落細(xì)節(jié)題特點(diǎn)解析
段落細(xì)節(jié)配對題的題型特點(diǎn)
1. 題型位置
縱觀劍橋系列真題,尤其是近幾年出版的劍橋雅思7-11, 專家發(fā)現(xiàn),段落細(xì)節(jié)配對總是出現(xiàn)在第一題型,并且會出現(xiàn)題目要求:Which paragraph contains the followinginformation?
從第一題型的位置來看,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它和List of Headings是一樣的,也就是說,同一篇文章,這兩個題型只會出現(xiàn)其中一個。道理其實(shí)很簡單,因?yàn)檫@兩個題型都是考察段落的,一個考察細(xì)節(jié),另一個卻考察主旨,如果同時在一篇文章,那么對段落的考察考點(diǎn)重復(fù),所以只會保留其中一個。
2. 完全亂序
因?yàn)榇鸢甘俏恼碌亩温涮?,所以題號和段落號一定是亂序的。
3. 題量:4-7題
4. NB youmay use any letter more than once
只要出現(xiàn)NB, 表明一定有一個選項(xiàng)(段落)會被重復(fù)使用一次。NB的出現(xiàn)無疑是加大了這道題的難度,如果有題已經(jīng)選了C段,如果沒有NB, 這段可以跳過進(jìn)入下一段,但是如果有NB出現(xiàn),我們還得老老實(shí)實(shí)地把這一自然段讀完,確保復(fù)選選項(xiàng)。
段落細(xì)節(jié)配對做題方法
在分析段落細(xì)節(jié)題的特點(diǎn)時,我們知道它是第一題型,考試時“我們要不要按照順序,先把段落細(xì)節(jié)配對拿下呢?”答案是:Ofcourse, not!! Definitely not!!! 理由很充分:它要求我們尋找題干和文章中某段中某句話的同義改寫,而我們對文章完全不了解的情況下,是很難在茫茫詞海中找尋答案的,所以只能仔細(xì)閱讀文章了,文章1500-2000字,通讀一遍,不僅耗時,而且很有可能吃力不討好,完全找不到答案,因?yàn)槲闹械木渥右欢ù蠓韧x改寫了。所以段落細(xì)節(jié)配對,我們要靠后做,先做順序原則的細(xì)節(jié)題,對文章有一定了解之后,再去搜尋答案,會事半功倍。
這一大題是亂序的,所以專家們提醒廣大考生,我們一定要把這一大題里的所有關(guān)鍵詞全部劃出來,到文章中尋找答案。劃取關(guān)鍵詞,對烤鴨們來說已經(jīng)非常熟悉了,但是段落細(xì)節(jié)配對,作為最難的題型,它在題干設(shè)計上可是下了一番苦心呢。下面,專家?guī)ьI(lǐng)大家來一睹它的芳容。
首先,我們要熟悉絕對不能劃的詞:
標(biāo)題詞和主題詞。拿到一篇文章,首先要留意標(biāo)題,了解整篇文章的討論主體,在做題時,如果與標(biāo)題有關(guān)系的詞出現(xiàn)在題干中,這類詞一定不能劃。
“
劍7 Test1 Let’s Go bats這篇文章一定是圍繞蝙蝠來講的,所以如果題干中出現(xiàn)蝙蝠,可以不劃。
劍6 Test4 Passage1 Doctoring sales醫(yī)生**,很明顯是說醫(yī)療的,副標(biāo)題:Pharmaceuticalsis one of the most profitable industries in North America. But do the drugsindustry’s sales and marketing strategies go too far? 我們不難看出這篇文章是說醫(yī)藥代表和醫(yī)生的關(guān)系的,所以題干中出現(xiàn):doctor、drug、sale*an、sales representative可以不用劃出來。
若干小題反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞。段落細(xì)節(jié)配對題的數(shù)量大概是4-7題,如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有一類詞在題干中反復(fù)出現(xiàn),也不用劃,因?yàn)樗荒軒臀覀兌ㄎ欢温洹?
假大空的詞。An account of、the fact that、a reference to、a deion of、an effect of, 看似這些詞都是名詞,但是它們都沒有意義,只是告訴我們這句話描述了,說了,提到了,所以看到即跳過。
其次,我們一定要留心要劃的詞:
A.數(shù)字類(*數(shù)字,分?jǐn)?shù),百分?jǐn)?shù),貨幣符號+數(shù)字)
劍7 Test2 Passage2 The True Cost of food
14. A costinvolved in purifying domestic water
劍9 Test2 Passage1
6. The estimated proportionof children in New Zealand with auditoryproblems.
劍9 Test4 Passage2 Young children’s sense ofidentity
16. The ageat which children can usually identify a staticimage of themselves.
段落細(xì)節(jié)配對,顧名思義,讓考生們帶著題干中比較寬泛的信息到文章中尋找相對來說較細(xì)節(jié)、較具體的信息,那么這三道題出現(xiàn)了:cost、proportion、age, 這三個詞如何具體,很簡單:就是數(shù)字,文中的句子一定具體告訴讀者是多少錢,百分之多少和具體的幾歲。文中分別出現(xiàn)了:$23m for removal of the bugcryptosporidium from drinking water、6-10% of children和during the second birthday。
B. 首字母大寫(地名,住址機(jī)構(gòu)名,專有名詞)
劍9 Test4 Passage2
18. A reference to apossible link between cultureand a particularform of behaviour.
題干中出現(xiàn)culture, 很多考生可能會困惑,為什么culture和大寫有關(guān),culture是文化的意思,不同的國家和地區(qū)才會有不同的文化,所以這個詞的出現(xiàn)暗示著這段的某句話里有首字母大寫的表示國家地點(diǎn)的詞。
劍9 Test3 Passage2 Tidal Power
14. The locationof the first test site
題干中出現(xiàn)location, 地點(diǎn),位置,文中一定具體說在哪里,所以有大寫,并且可以精確到街道和門牌號碼,所以還有可能大寫的旁邊有數(shù)字。
劍9 Test 1 Passage1
2. A deion of a global team effort.
global team effort全球團(tuán)隊合作,“全球”在文章中如何細(xì)化,會出現(xiàn)international、world等詞,或者這段出現(xiàn)表示國家的大寫單詞。
C. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)(舉例,并列結(jié)構(gòu))
劍7 Test1 Let’s Go Bats
1. Examples of wildlife other than bats which donot rely on vision to navigate by.
題干中出現(xiàn)examples, 說明該段一定會具體舉例動物,如:insects、deep-see fish、whales、dolphins等。
劍7 Test2
15. The stagesin the development of the farming industry.
題干中出現(xiàn)stages, 表示階段或步驟,也就是說農(nóng)業(yè)并不是一蹴而就的,而是經(jīng)歷了若干階段,那么階段與階段之間,一定會有銜接詞,如:first、second、next、followed by、and then; 或者出現(xiàn)表示時間的詞:in the 1990s、while in the 2000s。
17. One effect of chemicalson water sources.
這道題出現(xiàn)了兩個名詞復(fù)數(shù),一個是chemicals, 化學(xué)物質(zhì),也就是說文中一定會有具體的化學(xué)物質(zhì),但是這個詞偏學(xué)術(shù),可能出現(xiàn)的詞會超出預(yù)計;而另外一個復(fù)數(shù)名詞:watersources水源,這個就好想多了,水的源頭無外乎江河湖海,小溪,冰川等,所以文中會出現(xiàn)不止一個詞:river、sea、ocean、lake、stream、glacier。
D. 否定詞(表示否定意義的詞)
劍9 Test 4 Passage2
17. A reason for the limitations of scientific research into “self-as-subject”.
題干中出現(xiàn)limitations, 表示局限或是障礙,那么文中定位到的句子一定會有同樣表示困難的詞:Empiricalinvestigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however, ratherscarcebecause of difficultiesof communication: even if young infants can reflect on their experience, theycertainly cannot expressthis aspect of the selfdirectly. 所以一旦題干中出現(xiàn)負(fù)方向的詞,文中一定會有表示否定的詞。
E. 同義詞或近義詞
劍7 Test1 Passage1
5. Early military usesof echolocation.
雅思閱讀的考點(diǎn)就是:定位和同義轉(zhuǎn)化,而段落細(xì)節(jié)配對定位到了答案也就出現(xiàn)了,所以這道題的解題核心其實(shí)就是同義轉(zhuǎn)化,如果考生對同義詞和近義詞越熟悉,越銘記于心,那么段落細(xì)節(jié)配對就會找得越快,正確率越高。在段落細(xì)節(jié)配對中,主要考察的是:上義詞和下義詞的同義改寫,它們也許中文不能一一對應(yīng),但是它們是相關(guān)的。
以這題為例:military uses軍事方面的應(yīng)用,文中一定細(xì)化到:war、weapon、solider、battle、submarine、battlefield、helicopter等。
劍9 Test4 Passage2
15. The role of imitationin developing a sense of identity.
題干中出現(xiàn)imitation, 表示模仿,那么文中一定不會有原文原詞,該詞的同義詞是:simulate、copy、mimic、mock, 而文中出現(xiàn)了:many parents spend a lot of time, particularly inthe early months, copying their infant’svocalizations and expressions.
段落細(xì)節(jié)配對題,其實(shí)并沒有我們想象的那般可怕,想要攻克它,其實(shí)不難。
第一,熟悉題干中出現(xiàn)的一些有規(guī)律的詞,數(shù)字類,大寫類以及否定詞。
第二,加大同義詞積累的力度,在我們做其他題型時,我們就可以拿筆和紙記錄題干和文中定位的句子中出現(xiàn)的同義詞,經(jīng)過5-10篇閱讀文章的積累之后,我們會對同義轉(zhuǎn)化有新的認(rèn)識,不再簡單地認(rèn)為它們意思一樣,而這也在潛移默化地幫助我們提高段落細(xì)節(jié)的正確率。
劍橋雅思10 test3 閱讀 答案
答案解析:
1. 選ii。定位到第二段第一句話:Touri* in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. 表明就我們所知,廣義的旅游業(yè)是一個二十世紀(jì)的現(xiàn)象。選項(xiàng)中的mass touri*與原文中的touri* in the mass form是同義替換。
2. 選i。定位到第三段第一句話:Touri* today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. 即目前旅游業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會都非常重要。選項(xiàng)中的significance替換原文的importance。
3. 選v。定位到第四段第一句話:However, the major problems of the travel and touri* industry that have hidden or obscured its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. 意思是旅游業(yè)的主要問題是這個產(chǎn)業(yè)本身的多樣性和分散性,這使得其經(jīng)濟(jì)影響變得不那么明顯。選項(xiàng)中的difficulty,effects分別替換原文的problems和impact。
4. 選vii。定位到第五段第一句話:Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and touri* have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. 表明旅游業(yè)曾經(jīng)是富人們的特權(quán),而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成大多數(shù)人們習(xí)以為常的一種生活方式了。選項(xiàng)中的world,impact替換原文的most of the population, institutionalised。
Questions 5-10 判斷題
5. The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and touri* industry.
6. Touri* contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.
7. Touri* has a social impact because it promotes recreation.
8. Two main features of the travel and touri* industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
9. Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.
10. It is easy to show statistically how touri* affects individual economies.
答案解析:
5. 選TRUE。定位到第三段第三句話: According to the World Travel and Touri* Council (1992), ‘Travel and touri* is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’。意思是旅游業(yè)是全世界最大的行業(yè),不管是用哪種經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)估算,其中包括資本增值投資,就業(yè)及稅收貢獻(xiàn)。題目中的figures替換原文measure。
6. 原文沒有提到Australian gross national product這個概念,所以選擇NG。
7. 原文沒有提到recreation這個概念,所以選擇NG。
8. 選TRUE。定位到第四段第一句話:However, the major problems of the travel and touri* industry that have hidden, or obscured its economic impact, are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. 意思是旅游業(yè)的主要問題是這個產(chǎn)業(yè)本身的多樣性和分散性,這使得其經(jīng)濟(jì)影響變得不那么明顯。題目中的two main features指代原文的diversity and fragmentation。
9. 原文沒有提到visitor spending 和residents’ spending的比較關(guān)系,所以選擇NG。
10. 選FALSE。定位到第四段倒數(shù)第二句,原文表明this problem has made it difficult ...to estimate the contribution it makes, 即估算旅游業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)很困難,所以選FALSE。
Questions 11-13 句子填空題
11. In Greece, touri* is the most important ________.
12. The travel and touri* industry in Jamaica is the major ______ .
13. The problems associated with measuring international touri* are often reflected in the measurement of _______ .
答案解析:
11. 填source of income/home。定位到最后一段的第三句: For example, touri* is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and most Caribbean countries. 說明旅游業(yè)在以下國家都是收入的主要來源,題目中的most important替換原文的major。
12. 填employer。定位到最后一段的第四句: In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggesting that the travel and touri* industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore. 說明旅游業(yè)在一下國家是最需要聘用雇員的行業(yè),題目中的major替換原文的number one ranked。
13. 填domestic industry。定位到最后一段的最后一句: In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic touri*. 說明測量估算國內(nèi)旅游業(yè)非常困難,題目中的measurement, problems替換原文的measure, difficulties。
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